Medical
Sara Amini; Amir Hossein Omidi; Hamed Afkhami; Hoda Sabati; Amin Mohsenzadeh; Atyieh Soleymani; Mohammad Ali Zonobian; Negin Ghanbarnejad; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common infectious bacterial species and one of the agents of community-acquired infections (CAIs) and hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Aminoglycosides are potent antibactericidal agents often used together with Beta Lactams or Glycopeptides, especially in ...
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Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common infectious bacterial species and one of the agents of community-acquired infections (CAIs) and hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Aminoglycosides are potent antibactericidal agents often used together with Beta Lactams or Glycopeptides, especially in treating Staphylococcal endocarditis. The present research aimed to determine the frequency of the aac (6 ́)-le-aph (2 ́ ́) gene that encodes Aminoglycoside modifying enzymes using PCR on clinical isolates of S. aureus. 115 clinical isolates of S. aureus were collected at educational hospitals in Karaj during 12 months. They were first identified by using standard biochemical and laboratory methods and, following CLSI principles and procedures, antibiotic sensitivity patterns of all isolates were obtained using the disc diffusion method. Moreover, using agar dilution, the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using the antibiotic powder Gentamycin. Finally, gene frequency was measured by employing PCR. The highest levels of resistance to Aminoglycosides were observed in Kanamycin (47.8%), Gentamycin (46.9%), and Tobramycin (46.9%), and Doxycycline and Ciprofloxacin with 50.4 and 49.5 percent respectively, were the non-Aminoglycoside antibiotics to which the highest levels of resistance were exhibited. The frequency of the aac (6 ́)-le-aph (2 ́ ́) gene was 39.1 percent. Rapid and timely detection of resistant strains seems to be necessary in selecting suitable treatment options and in preventing the spread of resistance. Furthermore, rapid identification of genes that encode AME enzymes using PCR enjoys special advantages such as high levels of precision and speed.
Medical
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi; Mahram Ali Mehran; Amir Hossein Omidi; Mohammad Hadi Hassani
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a contagious infectious disease. This disease is called tuberculosis and is abbreviated as TB. Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases of this century, which can involve all the organs of the body, but the lungs are most affected by tuberculosis. The occurrence of ...
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Tuberculosis is a contagious infectious disease. This disease is called tuberculosis and is abbreviated as TB. Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases of this century, which can involve all the organs of the body, but the lungs are most affected by tuberculosis. The occurrence of 10 million new cases of tuberculosis and the treatment of only two-thirds of them, which unfortunately was incomplete in more than 50% of cases, shows the depth of the disaster in these years. The occurrence of three epidemics of this disease in the last two decades shows that the prospect of controlling tuberculosis soon is very uncertain. Today, more than 8 million people are infected with this disease in the world every year, and until now, one-third of the world's people have been infected with the germ of tuberculosis without feeling sick. Tuberculous peritonitis is an uncommon disorder; sometimes, it is not considered in the initial evaluation of ascites. A negative 5-TU PPD test, or a low level of ascitic fluid protein, can mistakenly divert attention from tuberculosis. Tuberculosis peritonitis can be fatal if not diagnosed in time. Here we report a 67-year-old patient who was confirmed to have tuberculous peritonitis after clinical examination and laboratory diagnosis. The patient recovered after diagnosis with prescribed drugs.
Medical
Yicen Long; Xiaoqiang Du; Zhi Ouyang; Jian Zhong; Ye Zeng
Abstract
Sepsis has remained a high mortality rate worldwide. Endothelial cell dysfunction is closely associated with the development of sepsis. Hydrocortisone has potent immunological and antitoxic effects, and thus it is frequently used in the treatment of septic shock. However, it can also cause respiratory ...
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Sepsis has remained a high mortality rate worldwide. Endothelial cell dysfunction is closely associated with the development of sepsis. Hydrocortisone has potent immunological and antitoxic effects, and thus it is frequently used in the treatment of septic shock. However, it can also cause respiratory damage and death by anaphylaxis. In recent years, the combination of hydrocortisone and other drugs such as vitamin C and thiamine has achieved promising outcomes in refractory septic shock. The present review focuses on the therapeutic effects of hydrocortisone in sepsis and summarizes the mechanisms by which hydrocortisone acted on the vascular endothelial cells. We highlighted the effect of hydrocortisone on anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, improvement of vascular functions, and anti-oxidative stress. We also pointed out that the mechanisms by which the combination therapy with other drugs enhances the effects of hydrocortisone are still unclear and need to be clarified to determine the benefit of the treatment of sepsis.
Bioinformatics
Ali Reza Mirzaei; Farzaneh Fazeli
Abstract
Autophagy is an effective regulatory process for eliminating tumors and worn-out intracellular components. Different groups of enzymes and regulatory elements are involved in the autophagy process. MAP1LC3A and BECN1 genes are the most important gene groups in autophagy. These genes, through the production ...
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Autophagy is an effective regulatory process for eliminating tumors and worn-out intracellular components. Different groups of enzymes and regulatory elements are involved in the autophagy process. MAP1LC3A and BECN1 genes are the most important gene groups in autophagy. These genes, through the production of beclin-1 and lc3 proteins, are involved in the production of autophagosomes. In general, both MAP1LC3A and BECN1 genes are active in cellular responses and the biological process. The aim of this study was bioinformatics analysis at the level of genome and proteome and to evaluate and compare the expression of MAP1LC3A and BECN1 genes in different human body tissues. The results of this study showed that the expression level of the BECN1 gene was relatively higher than the MAP1LC3A gene in different mammals. Cell analysis of MAP1LC3A and BECN1 genes by antibodies that bind to proteins of target genes showed that the protein encoded by the BECN1 gene is more present in the cytosol and the proteins encoded by MAP1LC3A gene are locally present in vesicles. It was also found that the protein encoded by the MAP1LC3A gene had a higher expression in brain tissues than in other tissues, while the beclin-1 protein in cardiac tissue showed higher expression than in other tissues. Finally, by using this information, it is possible to provide the ground for targeted therapies.
Medical
Paspula Soumya; Thurupu Sai Priya; Hameed Alla Qureshi; Alisha Firdous
Abstract
Cirrhosis is a late-stage liver disease in which/ advanced stage of scaring and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism. This disease is a condition in which your liver is scarred and permanently damaged. Scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue and prevents your liver from working normally. ...
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Cirrhosis is a late-stage liver disease in which/ advanced stage of scaring and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism. This disease is a condition in which your liver is scarred and permanently damaged. Scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue and prevents your liver from working normally. Irreversible change in the normal liver tissue results in the degeneration of functioning liver cells and their replacement with fibrous connective tissue. In the present study, the risk assessment in alcoholic patients is assessed using laboratory data. Other biochemical parameters and severity are assessed using the child-pugh score. In the present study, 98 patients were identified of which 8 patients were excluded due to various reasons, and 90 patients’ data were analyzed. In order to assess the risk of cirrhosis in alcoholic patients, we used the cpugh score for assessing the severity and survival rate of subjects. A total of 90 patients were enrolled in this observational study. The study confirmed that more than 60 % of the subjects possess a severe risk of cirrhosis and risk factors such as age, gender, ALD, high BMI, social history family history, and encephalopathy.
Medical
Zahra Yekanipour; Hamed Afkhami; Parya Amini; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi; Zahra Rafiei Atani; Kianoosh Dadashzadeh
Abstract
The necessity of using ozonated oil and water for treating infections such as gonorrhea and meningitis which their treatment by common antibiotics is sometimes difficult and it is becoming more apparent every day. In this study, the antibacterial effect of ozonated oil and water against Neisseria ...
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The necessity of using ozonated oil and water for treating infections such as gonorrhea and meningitis which their treatment by common antibiotics is sometimes difficult and it is becoming more apparent every day. In this study, the antibacterial effect of ozonated oil and water against Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) and N. meningitidis were investigated using Broth microdilution methods at zero, 24 and 48 hours after incubation at 37°C. The results were determined by culturing bacteria on their specific culture medium and using an ELISA reader to determine minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC, respectively). The results showed that ozonated oil with PI=500 had an expressive effect on N. meningitidis. The concentration of 0.09PI was determined as MIC and the concentration of 0.19PI was determined as MBC. The ozonated oil with PI=1000 had an expressive effect on N. gonorrhoeae. The concentration of 3.12 PI was determined as MIC and the concentration of 6.25 PI was determined as MBC. Ozonated water containing 2.5 mg/L of ozone had no significant antimicrobial effect on the studied bacterial species. The results of this study showed that ozonation of oil may improve its chemical properties. In addition, by increasing the incubation time to 24 hours, ozonated oil showed a favorable antibacterial effect against N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis.
Medical
Gandu Sravanthi; Kumara Swamy Gandla; Lalitha Repudi
Abstract
A new simple, selective, rapid, precise reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed and validated for the estimation of Molnupiravir in bulk and its pharmaceutical dosage form. The separation was made using Symmetry ODS C18 (4.6×150mm, 5µm) column. The ...
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A new simple, selective, rapid, precise reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed and validated for the estimation of Molnupiravir in bulk and its pharmaceutical dosage form. The separation was made using Symmetry ODS C18 (4.6×150mm, 5µm) column. The mobile phase used contained Methanol. Phosphate Buffer pH-4.2 adjusted with Orthophosphoric acid solution in the ratio of 35:65% v/v in an isocratic mode at a wavelength of 236nm. The mobile-phase flow rate and the sample volume injected were 1 ml/min and 10 μL, respectively. The retention time of Molnupiravir was found to be 2.8 ±0.2mins. A good linear relationship of Molnupiravir r =0.999) was observed over a concentration range of 20 to 100µg/ml of Molnupiravir. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for Molnupiravir was found to be 2.6µg/ml and 6.35µg/ml. The recovery percentage was observed in the range of 98-102%. The relative standard deviation for the precision study was found <2%. The developed method is simple, precise, specific, accurate and rapid, making it suitable for the estimation of Molnupiravir in bulk and marketed pharmaceutical dosage form. It was concluded that in the present developed RP- HPLC method is simple, rapid, and accurate, hence can be used for routine quality control analysis in the Pharmaceutical industry.
Medical
CH Satish Kumar; Keshamoni Anusha; Rajoli Priyanka; Medipally Gowthami; Kaneez Fathima; Syed Sadiya Riaz; Bujagouni Swapna
Abstract
More than 75% of women have uterine fibroids (leiomyomas), which may have major morbid effects. By far, they are the main reason for a hysterectomy. Smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts make up the complicated cellular assemblage known as fibroids. They generally develop from somatic mutations, most often ...
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More than 75% of women have uterine fibroids (leiomyomas), which may have major morbid effects. By far, they are the main reason for a hysterectomy. Smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts make up the complicated cellular assemblage known as fibroids. They generally develop from somatic mutations, most often MED12, and are rich in the extracellular matrix. They provide chances to investigate fundamental mechanisms due to their lack of inhibition of growth and their capacity to display aspects of malignancy while remaining histologically and physiologically benign. The processes behind the genesis and evolution of leiomyomas remain a mystery. In the current research, 102 individuals were found, 12 of whom were removed for a variety of reasons, and 90 patients' data were analyzed. Age prevalence is evaluated in the topic, and risk factors, pharmaceutical therapy, surgical alternatives, and consequences are examined. According to this research, women between the ages of 31 and 40 are more likely to develop uterine fibroids, and age, obesity, and hormone imbalance are risk factors. Anti-fibrinolytic agents are a first-line therapy in the pharmacological management of menstrual bleeding. Hysterectomy is the recommended surgical procedure for the treatment of uterine fibroids. Our research found that excessive or prolonged bleeding and unfavourable pregnancy outcomes were the main symptoms. This research shows that uterine fibroids have a major influence on one's quality of life.
Medical
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi; Amir Hossein Omidi; Hoda Sabati
Abstract
SARS-CoV- 2 is the causative agent of the global pandemic, also known as Covid-19. This virus belongs to a group of coronaviruses and has affected more than ten million people across the globe, causing nearly half a million deaths worldwide. The pandemic has spread worldwide, originating in the Wuhan ...
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SARS-CoV- 2 is the causative agent of the global pandemic, also known as Covid-19. This virus belongs to a group of coronaviruses and has affected more than ten million people across the globe, causing nearly half a million deaths worldwide. The pandemic has spread worldwide, originating in the Wuhan Hubei province of China in 2019. The disease is a significant challenge as there is no antiviral treatment. This review will address current trends and emerging new methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in the laboratoryat present. Reverse transcriptase PCR or RT-PCR is the gold standard for detecting SARS-CoV-2 disease. The seroprevalence of Covid-19 is performed using antibody detection tests using ELISA and antigen detection as rapid tests. In clinical practice, preliminary disease identification is made based on Chest radiographs, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography (PET) scans. As the pandemic has progressed, newer methods of detection like CRISPR, nanotechnology-enabled solutions, and biosensors have emerged as new methods of detecting SARS-CoV-2.
Bioinformatics
Redha Alwan Hasan Alhashimi; Ali Reza Mirzaei; Hasan Kamel Alsaedy
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the abnormal growth of stomach cells. The symptoms of this disease include difficulty in swallowing, heartburn, stomach pain, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, and blood in the stool. Gastric cancer is a multifactorial and genetic disease, and many genes and factors are involved in it. ...
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Gastric cancer is the abnormal growth of stomach cells. The symptoms of this disease include difficulty in swallowing, heartburn, stomach pain, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, and blood in the stool. Gastric cancer is a multifactorial and genetic disease, and many genes and factors are involved in it. DCC and CDH1 are the genes silenced by hypermethylation in gastric cancer and play an influential role in suppressing gastric cancer tumors. The aim of this study was bioinformatics analysis at the genome and proteome level and evaluation and comparison of the expression of DCC and CDH1 genes in different human body tissues. The results of this study showed that the CDH1 gene is more expressed in the thyroid gland and Parathyroid gland and the DCC gene is more expressed in the testis, hippocampal formation, basal ganglia, midbrain, cerebral cortex, and hypothalamus. The expression analysis of these genes showed that both genes generally are more active in glands and have little expression in other body organs. Cellular analysis of DCC and CDH1 genes by antibodies that bind to the proteins of the target genes showed that both genes are active in the Golgi apparatus, with the difference that the DCC gene is more present in the nucleus and the CDH1 gene is more present in the plasma membrane. The expression level of the CDH1 gene is relatively higher than that of the DCC gene. Also, phenotypic studies of the DCC gene showed that this gene is related to colorectal cancer, and it was found that the CDH1 gene is effective in Blepharocheilodontic syndrome 1. Finally, considering the role of CDH1 and DCC genes as tumor suppressor genes, these items can be used for targeted treatments in gastric cancer.
Bioinformatics
Bakr Sadiq Mohammed; Nagham Shakir Turkey
Abstract
In order to improve the sensitivity of the newly established methodology, a thorough examination was carried out on the essential parameter. A rapid and highly responsive technique has been developed for the detection of loratadine. This method involves the generation of pale white species through the ...
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In order to improve the sensitivity of the newly established methodology, a thorough examination was carried out on the essential parameter. A rapid and highly responsive technique has been developed for the detection of loratadine. This method involves the generation of pale white species through the reaction between sodium nitroprusside and loratadine. The transducer's energy response was evaluated using the NAG-4SX3-3D analyzer. The linear range for measuring loratadine is 0.01-10 mM (millimolary). For concentrations of 4 and 10 mM. The RSD (relative standard deviation) for six trials was significantly lower than 0.14 percent. The measurement of loratadine has a limit of detection (LOD) of 261.890 ng/sample for (n=13). The calibration graph shows a progressive dilution across the lowest concentration linear dynamic range, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9984. The percentage linearity (R2 %) is 99.68. The proposed approach was evaluated in comparison to the previous technique, which involved UV-spectrophotometric analysis at a wavelength of 275 nm. Based on the findings, it can be inferred that the technique exhibits enhanced sensitivity and surpasses the classic reference method's 10 mm irradiation, owing to its utilization of specific chemicals. Based on the aforementioned information, it is determined that the developed methodology is the most appropriate for analyzing loratadine in pharmaceutical samples when compared to the reference techniques.
Medical
Reginaldo Gon De Lima-Neto; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
Abstract
Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a fungal disease, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, affecting mainly rural workers. It is characterized by chronic skin lesions that may vary from nodular, tumorous, verrucous or plaque type. Associated constitutional symptoms are rarely found. The histological ...
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Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a fungal disease, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, affecting mainly rural workers. It is characterized by chronic skin lesions that may vary from nodular, tumorous, verrucous or plaque type. Associated constitutional symptoms are rarely found. The histological presentation may yield a pathognomonic feature, the Medlar (sclerotic) bodies, in which a typical brown to black pigment is depicted, explaining “copper pennies” as its alias. In this article, the case of a 56-year-old woman in the countryside of Brazil is reported; whose main complaint was a chronic leg ulcer for the past 8 years. On the left leg, a large, partially ulcerated plaque lesion was found. Microbiological cultures were positive for the pathogen. Histological analysis demonstrated pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, lymphohistiocytic infiltrate and sclerotic bodies (“copper pennies”). CBM’s epidemiological panorama, once established uniquely by geographical distribution, is transitioning to a global health issue, influenced by immunosuppressive conditions, global warming and migration. This scenario demands CBM to be widely considered as a differential diagnosis and may represent a clinical challenge in regions whose professionals have little expertise in infectious tropical diseases.
Medical
Amir Hossein Omidi; Hoda Sabati; Sara Amini; Mohammad Ali Zonobian; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is gram-positive cocci, which is consistently one of the four causes of hospital infections. S. aureus is a member of the normal nasal and intestinal flora in 30-50% of the population. But this organism is carried in almost 90% of the clinical staff of hospitals. S. aureus is an ...
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Staphylococcus aureus is gram-positive cocci, which is consistently one of the four causes of hospital infections. S. aureus is a member of the normal nasal and intestinal flora in 30-50% of the population. But this organism is carried in almost 90% of the clinical staff of hospitals. S. aureus is an important cause of a wide variety of infectious diseases in humans. This bacterium often causes infections such as endocarditis, bacteremia, and pneumonia. S. aureus species are typically resistant to a large number of drugs. These bacteria are able to sustain and grow properly in the hospital environment and are easily transmitted to people who have weak immune systems. So far, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has been limited to hospitals, but with the increase in skin and soft tissue infections and necrotizing pneumonia in younger patients, methicillin-resistant staphylococci in the community (CA-MRSA) has spread throughout the world.
Medical
Bujagouni Swapna; Kaneez Fathima; Hifsa Muwayyad; Madeeha Khanam; Syeda Salma; Surabhi Harsha; Numair Gayas
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is on the rise around the world and is strongly linked with the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This six-month observational study was conducted in the nephrology division of a 300-bed, multi-specialty tertiary care teaching hospital. A total of 90 prescriptions ...
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is on the rise around the world and is strongly linked with the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This six-month observational study was conducted in the nephrology division of a 300-bed, multi-specialty tertiary care teaching hospital. A total of 90 prescriptions written for inpatients and outpatients in the nephrology ward are considered based on the inclusion criteria. Patient case sheets, patient questionnaires and interviews, biomedical and radiological reports, and the medication regimen chart are the primary means of data gathering. In this study, we identified the patient's age, hypertension, lipid abnormalities, male gender, cigarette smoking, and family history as traditional risk factors for both CVD and CKD. Nearly 40% of 90 individuals had a high risk of CVD, followed by 25 with intermediate risk, 19 with borderline risk, and 6 with low risk. We further conclude that successful CKD and CVD therapy requires good glycemic control, anti-hypertensive medicine, and hypolipidemic medication. Diabetes patients received SGLT-2 inhibitors, which improve CKD and CVD. The development of chronic kidney disease to stages 4 and 5 is slowed by anti-hypertensive medication, particularly with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors such as angiotensin-receptor blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Patients with persistent hypertension, albuminuria, or heart failure with a poor ejection fraction benefit from treatment with aldosterone receptor antagonists. People with chronic kidney disease benefit from low-dose aspirin for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Despite medication advancements, high blood pressure (BP) patients need a customised and evidence-based management plan to control BP, minimise CVD risk, and delay CKD progression. Early CKD treatment is essential for preventing the progression of both CKD and CVD.
Medical
I Nyoman Arsana; Ni Ketut Ayu Juliasih; A A Ayu Sauca Sunia Widyantari; Ni Luh Suriani; Agus Manto
Abstract
Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) has been utilized since antiquity and is considered the king of spices due to its wide use. This study aims to analyze the active compounds of white pepper through GC-MS and their pharmacological effects. Pepper seeds were extracted using 96% ethanol as solvent by the maceration ...
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Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) has been utilized since antiquity and is considered the king of spices due to its wide use. This study aims to analyze the active compounds of white pepper through GC-MS and their pharmacological effects. Pepper seeds were extracted using 96% ethanol as solvent by the maceration method. The active compounds in the dry extract were then analyzed by GC-MS. Identification of the active compound was carried out by matching it to the Willey7 Library database. Based on the results chromatogram, is known that there are 127 components of the compound, of which there are 11 main components. Most of the main components are alkaloids and have various pharmacological effects discussed. Piperidine, Caryophyllene, and Ethyl iso-allocholate are some of active compounds in ethanol extract. Ethyl iso-allocholate acts as an anti-inflammatory with a strong affinity for the target protein and also acts as an antiviral for SARS-CoV by inhibiting the attachment of the viral genome to target proteins, namely angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and main protease (MPro).
Medical
Ismail Muhammad; Pukuma Mikah Sale; Tanko Mahmoud Muhammad; Ali Rufai; Augustine Linda Midala; Bala Abubakar
Abstract
Successful malaria diagnosis is the mainstay of successful treatment, prevention and eradication of malaria infection. Apart from the gold standard technique (Microscopy), numerous diagnostic techniques perform a similar function to microscopy and in most cases tend to have varying sensitivity and specificity, ...
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Successful malaria diagnosis is the mainstay of successful treatment, prevention and eradication of malaria infection. Apart from the gold standard technique (Microscopy), numerous diagnostic techniques perform a similar function to microscopy and in most cases tend to have varying sensitivity and specificity, especially when compared with the gold standard technique. Therefore this study aimed to determine the Performance and accuracy of SD Bioline Malaria Ag P.f (05fk50) (Rapid Diagnostic Test kit) to Gold standard (Microscopy). A total of two hundred (200) samples were collected from the consented study subjects and analyzed using RDT and Giemsa staining technique. The result revealed an overall prevalence of 132(66.0%) and 167(83.5%) respectively by RDT and Microscopy, where 115 (57.5%) were true positive, there was no significant difference between the two techniques (P> 0.05, df= 1, χ2 = 3.695). The RDT recorded a sensitivity and specificity value of 68.86% and 48.48% respectively with a positive predictive value of 87.78% and a negative predictive value of 23.53%. The RDT recorded an overall accuracy of 0.66. The Rapid Diagnostic test kit used in the present demonstrated a high level of sensitivity and positive predictive value with relatively low specificity and negative predictive value. Regular checks on the Performance and accuracy of all brands of RDT should be conducted as their perform
Medical
Khadije Saravani; Soleyman Saravani; Fatemeh Dadras
Abstract
Based on the lack of acceptance of screening programs, including breast cancer screening, and cultural-social and economic differences in different regions of our country, the purpose of this research is to determine the attitudinal barriers to breast cancer mammographic screening among women of Zabol ...
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Based on the lack of acceptance of screening programs, including breast cancer screening, and cultural-social and economic differences in different regions of our country, the purpose of this research is to determine the attitudinal barriers to breast cancer mammographic screening among women of Zabol city. The study method is cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical. The statistical population includes 200 women aged over 40 years in Zabol city in 2020 who have not had mammography and were selected by census. The standard questionnaire of professional ethics criteria was used to collect research data. The study data were analyzed using SPSS software. In this study, 200 women were questioned. 5% of women were single and 85.5% were married. 56% of the surveyed women were housewives and 82% employed. 13.5% of women were illiterate and 44.5% university education. The most frequent attitudinal barriers among women were related to the barrier "not having breast cancer symptoms" and "mammography performed by male staff and physicians" so that these two factors were agreed by 75.5% and 49.5% of women, respectively. On the other hand, the lowest frequency of the above factors is related to the three factors "The lack of diagnostic significance of mammography in early cancer diagnosis" with 6% agree and completely agree, and "Not trusting mammography" and "Not trusting national policies and guidelines” with 9% agree and completely agree. Our study revealed the most important factors of reducing motivation among women in the Sistan region regarding mammography. Also, this study showed that women's employment, education and economic status can be effective in their attitude towards mammography.
Biochemistry
Mahboobeh Talebi Mehrdar; Ghazale Ebadi
Abstract
Diabetes Type 2 is the most common type of diabetes, a common disorder of glucose homeostasis and accounts for 90% of cases. The prevalence of diabetes type 2 is increasing. Adenosine deaminase is an enzymatic polymorphism that plays an important role in modulating the biological activity of insulin. ...
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Diabetes Type 2 is the most common type of diabetes, a common disorder of glucose homeostasis and accounts for 90% of cases. The prevalence of diabetes type 2 is increasing. Adenosine deaminase is an enzymatic polymorphism that plays an important role in modulating the biological activity of insulin. It seems that excessive activity of the adenosine A1 receptor has caused adiposity in diabetes type 2. In this study, we examined the correlation of ADA enzyme with diabetes type 2. This investigation was performed on 80 men and women between 40 and 80 years old in District 2 of Tehran with diabetes. Venous blood samples were collected after 12 hours of fasting blood was centrifuged. Then fasting blood glucose and HbA1c, Triglyceride, and total Cholesterol were measured for enzyme activity respectively by COBAS MIRA. Insulin was measured by ELISA and serum ADA enzyme activity was measured by photometry. The results of this study were done by SPSS software. A significant increase in serum ADA levels was observed in diabetic patients compared with the control group. A positive correlation was observed between ADA activity and FBS and HbA1c. The amount of HOMA-IR in diabetics was higher than in the control group, but no positive correlation was observed between serum levels of ADA and HOMA-IR. The enzyme adenosine deaminase can act as an immunological marker and the results of this study show that diabetes is associated with increased T cell activation markers and immune disequilibrium. Serum ADA level has a positive correlation with glycemic control status in patients.
Gene Expression Studies
Seyyedeh Shabnam Irankhah; Saied Hoseini-Asl; Mehdi Valizadeh; Firouz Amani
Abstract
Background: Beta-thalassemia is one of the most common genetic diseases with autosomal recessive inherited patterns in the world and is one of the most common diseases in Iran that exists in all age and sex groups. Determining gene mutations in this disease can be effective in controlling and treating ...
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Background: Beta-thalassemia is one of the most common genetic diseases with autosomal recessive inherited patterns in the world and is one of the most common diseases in Iran that exists in all age and sex groups. Determining gene mutations in this disease can be effective in controlling and treating the disease. The present study determined the frequency of polymorphisms of Hinc, RSaI, RDB, and Xmn in patients with beta-thalassemia minor in Ardabil province. Methods: 53 beta-thalassemia patients referred to the genetic department of Imam Khomeini Hospital were studied. Blood samples were taken to determine the type of gene mutation. PCR samples were genetically evaluated to determine genetic mutations using RDB-Sequence-RFLP-Haplotype methods. Results: A total of 53 samples were examined, of which 56.6% were male and the rest were female. The most positive cases in the first and second ranks were related to XmnI and AvaII enzymes with 73.5% and 60.3%, respectively. The most common mutation extracted in the studied samples with 14 cases (26.4%) was IVS2.1. Among the most common mutations extracted by the RDB method was related to IVS 1.2 with 26.4%. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that the distribution of genetic mutations in the studied samples can be different from other places. Also, by performing targeted genetic counseling, it is possible to control and prevent the disease in the future.
Medical
Haider Majid Haider Al-Zaidi; Fatemehsadat Mousavinasab; Nika Radseresht; Ali Reza Mirzaei; Yasaman Moradi; Mohammad Mahmoudifar
Abstract
Deafness can occur due to damage to the ear, especially the inner ear. In other cases, the cause is a heterogeneous genetic abnormality and is caused by the changes that occur in the genes involved in the hearing process. Mutations in GJB2 and SLC26A4 genes are one of the most important causes of deafness ...
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Deafness can occur due to damage to the ear, especially the inner ear. In other cases, the cause is a heterogeneous genetic abnormality and is caused by the changes that occur in the genes involved in the hearing process. Mutations in GJB2 and SLC26A4 genes are one of the most important causes of deafness in the world, which causes syndromic and non-syndromic hereditary hearing loss. The purpose of this study is to investigate GJB2 and SLC26A4 genes related to genetic syndromes of deafness and bioinformatic analysis at the genome and proteome level and to evaluate and compare the expression of these genes in different tissues of the human body. For this purpose, tools related to bioinformatics analysis such as UCSC and OMIM databases were used. One of the common genetic syndromes caused by mutations in these genes is pendred syndrome. The clinical symptoms of this disease are weight gain, constipation, dry skin, and hair, decreased energy, sleepiness, bulging belly, decreased body temperature, and slow growth. This disease does not currently have a specific treatment, so it is very important and fundamental to investigate the genetic factors affecting this disease. The results of this research showed that the transfer of potassium, sodium, and chlorine ions as well as the mutation in the SLC26A4 gene, which is responsible for the synthesis of pendrin protein, is very effective in the occurrence of pendred syndrome. To diagnose pendred syndrome more accurately, molecular methods should be used in genetic tests. The results of comparing the expression profiles of these two genes showed that the difference in the expression of these two genes is very high and, in general, the expression of the SLC26A4 gene in the body is very low. Because people with hearing loss have other problems including damage to other parts of the body such as the heart, kidneys, or eyes. Knowing the genetic cause in these cases allows the doctor to be aware of problems in other systems as well.
Medical
Lester Raymundo Dominguez Huarcaya; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi; Maria Fernanda Dominguez Rios
Abstract
It is possible for the non-motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD), which include constipation, sleep difficulties, and olfactory impairments, to appear up to 20 years before the motor symptoms of the disease. There is a growing body of research that suggests the pathology of Parkinson's disease ...
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It is possible for the non-motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD), which include constipation, sleep difficulties, and olfactory impairments, to appear up to 20 years before the motor symptoms of the disease. There is a growing body of research that suggests the pathology of Parkinson's disease may begin in the gastrointestinal tract and progress to the brain. Numerous studies provide credence to the idea that the microbiota in one's gut communicates with one's brain in Parkinson's disease (PD) via way of the immune system, a certain amino acid metabolism, and the neurological system. Through what has become known as the "gut microbiota-brain axis" (GMBA), the gut microbiota is thought to play an important part in the modulation of several neurochemical pathways.In the process of mediating the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the physiology of the host, many of the metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, such as fatty acids, amino acids, and bile acids, carry signaling activities. In Parkinson's disease (PD), the quantity of amino acids and species-specific alterations of amino acids, such as glutamate and tryptophan, may interfere with the signaling transmission between nerve cells and disrupt the normal operation of the basal ganglia. Certain amino acids and the receptors that bind to them are being looked at as new possible targets for the treatment of PD. The purpose of the current investigation was to compile and analyze all of the evidence that is currently available on the gut microbiota-derived amino acid metabolic changes that are related with PD.
Medical
Koteswari Poluri; Bujagouni Swapna; Vatte Jyothsna; Kaneez Fathima; Omamah Afreen; Shaheroz Jabeen; Sumera Sultana
Abstract
The occurrence of an ischemic stroke arises from the unfortunate circumstance in which a blood vessel becomes impeded or obstructed, resulting from the presence of a clot, atherosclerosis, or the narrowing of arteries. The neurology department of a 300-bed, multi-specialty tertiary teaching hospital ...
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The occurrence of an ischemic stroke arises from the unfortunate circumstance in which a blood vessel becomes impeded or obstructed, resulting from the presence of a clot, atherosclerosis, or the narrowing of arteries. The neurology department of a 300-bed, multi-specialty tertiary teaching hospital was the site of this six-month observational study. Prescriptions for both inpatients and outpatients in the neurology unit, totalling 90, are considered according to the inclusion criteria. Patient case sheets, questionnaires, interviews, biomedical and radiological reports, and drug regimen charts are the main data sources. Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients are more prevalent in the over-60 age group than in the 20–35 age group. The information obtained indicates that male patients have greater effects than female ones. Furthermore, our research indicates that AIS is more common in obese and overweight people. One of the main risk factors for developing AIS is alcohol drinking, tobacco chewing, and smoking, which affect most AIS patients. Treatment options for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) include intravenous thrombolytic therapy (IVT), anti-platelet therapy, anticoagulant therapy, and adjuvant therapies using statins and drugs based on the comorbidities of the patients. This research highlights that individuals with AIS have shown higher progress when physical rehabilitation is combined with intravenous thrombolytic treatment (IVT) for patients with comorbidities. We found that the individuals who continued taking their medicine and therapy after their discharge from the hospital had better motor strength than those who stopped. Our study concludes that the integration of pharmacotherapy with physical rehabilitation yielded significant enhancements in the functional capacity of individuals affected by stroke.
Medical
Yang Yang; Yuxue Jiao; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
Abstract
Protein is an important component of life. Protein modification after translation enriches the diversity of protein, regulates the structure and function of a protein, and participates in more life processes. Recent studies have found that post-translational modifications of proteins can regulate the ...
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Protein is an important component of life. Protein modification after translation enriches the diversity of protein, regulates the structure and function of a protein, and participates in more life processes. Recent studies have found that post-translational modifications of proteins can regulate the occurrence and development of tumors. The human immune system should be able to eliminate cancer cells through an acquired immune response executed by T cells. However, clinical detection of cancer cells often results from the failure of immune surveillance. Therefore, relieving immune suppression and restoring antitumor immune response provides the possibility for tumor therapy. Tumor immunotherapy refers to exogenous intervention of the body's immune system, restart and maintain the "tumor-immune" cycle, restore and improve the anti-immune response of the group, strengthen the recognition and killing ability of tumor cells, so as to achieve the therapeutic effect of controlling or even clarifying the tumor specifically. Here, we review current knowledge of the current status of tumor immunotherapy and the types and effects of post-translational modifications of proteins, hoping to improve new ideas for the types of therapies.
Biochemistry
Umesh Pravin Dhuldhaj; Namrata Malik
Abstract
Soil microbial flora has a pivotal role in the phyto-availability of phosphorus and other necessary minerals and nutrients. The primary class of Rhizobacteria involved in the solubilization of phosphate from non-available forms to available forms is Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB). The application ...
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Soil microbial flora has a pivotal role in the phyto-availability of phosphorus and other necessary minerals and nutrients. The primary class of Rhizobacteria involved in the solubilization of phosphate from non-available forms to available forms is Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB). The application of Phosphate solubilizing bacteria increased phosphorus availability, which is one of the major factors responsible for the increase in the yield of crops. The phosphorus content is higher in the seeds than in the other plant parts; it helps plants in disease resistance and stress management such as winter rigors and improves the quality of fruits, vegetables, and cereal crops. Application of PSB as the biofertilizers positively affects the secretion of siderophores, nitrogen fixation, Indole acetic acid (IAA), 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, chitinase, and protease. PSB can solubilize useful phosphate from rock phosphate and phosphate present in the combined state in lower to higher pH range (4 to 10), lower to a higher temperature (20 to 40 0C), and even in the higher salt ranges (0 to 7.5 % NaCl). Microbes help in the assimilation of phosphates and hydrocarbons by the secretions of different phosphatases such as monoesterase, diesterases, C-P lyase, and phosphatase and phytases. Using chemical P fertilizer in sustainable agricultural methods needs to be reduced. For this purpose, alternative and inexpensive technology are required so that plants can be provided with a sufficient amount of P. Phosphate solubilizing microbes can be an excellent option to replace chemical P fertilizers for improved agricultural production and soil fertility. The fertility of farm fields can be improved by using PSB as the bio-fertilizer and it will enhance the nutritional quality of plants and plant products which are directly or indirectly taken as food. Applying these microbes to soil/seeds makes good quality fruits and can help to fulfill the nutritional hunger of the world.
Application of medicinal plants in medicine
Sima Saravani; Mehrangiz Ghaffari; Halimeh Aali
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to examine the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Psidium guajava plant on bone marrow cells in rats and it will be extended to humans. Guava plant leaves were collected from Chabahar region in Sistan and Baluchistan province and dried. 40 adult male rats were assigned ...
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The purpose of the current study was to examine the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Psidium guajava plant on bone marrow cells in rats and it will be extended to humans. Guava plant leaves were collected from Chabahar region in Sistan and Baluchistan province and dried. 40 adult male rats were assigned to one control group and three experimental groups (subjects that were administeredhydroalcoholic extract of P. guajava leaves with respective doses of 3000 mg/kg, 4000 mg/kg, or 5000 mg/kg, for 3 months, once daily). Following the intervention period, blood was taken from the heart and bone marrow was taken from the femur. Several parameters such as cell blood count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, were examined in the blood sample. Also, in the bone marrow sample, a relative count was performed on five hundred bone marrow cells and the ratio of myeloid to erythroid was determined in both control and experimental groups. The results of this study indicated that the hydroalcoholic extract somewhat increased white blood cells and red blood cells, but no significant change was observed. The result of the study revealed the positive effects of guava leaf extract may be due to flavonoids, quercetin and triterpenes, which strong antioxidants that can prevent damage are caused by free radicals destroying cells. This study shows that guava leaf extract can have a positive effect on hematological parameters, as well as the lack of mutagenicity and cytotoxicity in high doses of this plant extract rather reflects its safe use in traditional medicine. Therefore, it is recommended that guava leaf extract be considered as a complementary and alternative treatment for many diseases, including the treatment of anemia.
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