Original Article
DNA, RNA, protein components
Shah Mansoor; Imran Ullah; Nisar Khan
Abstract
In Pakistan, Urinary tract infections (UTI) are increasing day by day. The study therefore was designed for isolation identification and antibiotic resistance assessment of UTI causing bacteria. Bacterial pathogens causing UTI in dogs and human are becoming more resistant to antibiotic use. To evaluate ...
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In Pakistan, Urinary tract infections (UTI) are increasing day by day. The study therefore was designed for isolation identification and antibiotic resistance assessment of UTI causing bacteria. Bacterial pathogens causing UTI in dogs and human are becoming more resistant to antibiotic use. To evaluate the diversity and antibiotic resistance of uropathogenic bacteria, a total of 80 urine samples were collected in sterile containers. A total of 15 urine samples were taken from each gender of human and dogs with UTIs and 5 from each gender of healthy human and dogs. Samples were cultured for isolation and confirmed by biochemical tests and their antibiotic resistance pattern was checked by Kirby baur disk diffusion test. Samples that were taken from UTI males, E.coli, Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp. and Staph aureus was isolated from 93%, 6.67%,20% and 53% processed samples whereas from UTI females E.coli, Proteus spp., klebsiella spp., and Staph aureus was isolated 100%,13%,33%and 40% of samples respectively. Similarly 60% Staph aureus was isolated from healthy males and females urine samples. While Samples that were taken from UTI dogs E.coli., Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., and Staph aureus was isolated from 66.7%, 6.67%, 33% and 26.6% of processed samples whereas Samples that were taken from bitches, E.coli., Proteus spp., klebsiella spp., and Staph aureus was isolated from 73%,13%,26.6% and 26.6% of samples respectively. In case of healthy dogs and bitches urine smalpes 60% and 80% of Staph aureus was isolated. Antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates E.coli, Proteus spp., klebsiella spp. and Staph aureus from human (male and female) samples showed resistance to ceftriaxone, Levofloxecine, and mild type of resistance to ofloxacin while sensitive to ciprofloxacin and sulfamethazole.The antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates E.coli, Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp. and Staph aureus from dogs and bitches samples showed high resistance to Lincomycin and kanamycin, and lower resistance to norfloxacin and doxycyclin while sensitive to ciprofloxacin, amoxaclin.
Review Article
Medical
Lester Raymundo Dominguez Huarcaya; María Fernanda Dominguez Ríos; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi; Zahra Rahimi
Abstract
At least in some individuals, the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) appears to be significantly influenced by neuroinflammation. Microglia, which are situated within the brain, represent a type of immune cell that exhibits the capability to transform into a reactive state in response to ...
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At least in some individuals, the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) appears to be significantly influenced by neuroinflammation. Microglia, which are situated within the brain, represent a type of immune cell that exhibits the capability to transform into a reactive state in response to inflammatory attacks. This unique ability substantiates the critical role microglia play in the initial stages of neuroinflammation. Empirical studies have revealed that microglia are proficient in discerning infections or damaged cells, thereby instigating a cytotoxic response that exacerbates the damage inflicted on brain cells. However, microglia display a wide range of reactions to injury and may potentially contribute to the process of recuperation and the reinstatement of impaired tissues. It is possible that changing the phenotype of microglia through the regulation of inflammatory pathways is essential in order to harness neuroinflammation in MDD. This study examines potential new treatment paths for modulating neuroinflammation in brain disorders by analyzing canonical proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic mechanisms in microglia. the primary focus is on the major depressive disorder (MDD), but will also discuss other brain diseases.
Meta Analysis
Medical
Ali Reza Arabestanino; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; Arman Ai; Bita Dinarvand
Abstract
Abnormalities of several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been identified in carcinomas during the last decade and of pathological warfare and physiological traits, and multiple genetic changes have been demonstrated in individual carcinomas. We conducted a systematic review of studies enrolling ...
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Abnormalities of several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been identified in carcinomas during the last decade and of pathological warfare and physiological traits, and multiple genetic changes have been demonstrated in individual carcinomas. We conducted a systematic review of studies enrolling adolescents and adults with Carcinoma, every type in which a cancer intervention was randomized, or all study designs in which there was a primary or secondary outcome. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews from 1990 to June 2015. Two reviewers evaluated study eligibility and abstracted data. In total, 67 studies were included and consisted of 62 randomized trials, reviews, and 5 studies. None of the studies (0/81) provided a definition. Only one randomized trial provided a definition. We were unable to identify any definitions used in studies of adolescents and adults with Carcinoma. Given that a proportion of this population may receive intensive treatment, there is an urgent need for consensus-based definitions of use across trials and review systematic & and meta-analysis.
Original Article
Biochemistry
Shatha Qassim Jawad; Eaman A. AL-Rubaee; Israa A. Ali
Abstract
Autism is a very common problem in childhood, especially in boys, and no marker or special test for helping early diagnosis. Androgen, vasopressin and apelin levels are neuropeptides that have been included in a wide range of functions of the brain and the abnormal levels detected and studied in many ...
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Autism is a very common problem in childhood, especially in boys, and no marker or special test for helping early diagnosis. Androgen, vasopressin and apelin levels are neuropeptides that have been included in a wide range of functions of the brain and the abnormal levels detected and studied in many psychiatric disorders. Aimed to assess salivary levels of androgen, vasopressin and apelin in the autistic male mild and moderate divide in the first and second groups according to age (6-10 and 10- 13 years old) and compared to the normal boys group. Forty-five autistic boys mild and moderate in two groups according to age (6-10 and 10-13years old) were diagnosed early by the specialist child psychiatrist, and 45 healthy normal children were free of neurological and psychiatric disorders were enrolled in this study, saliva samples were gathered, and send for those hormones levels examinations which measured by using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IELISA). Results were analyzed using a special statistic program (SPSS version 18). The mean salivary androgen level was significantly increased in the autistic group than that of the control, also it was found a highly significant increase of salivary androgen levels in the older age group between 6 to 10 years old than in the age group from 10 to 13 years. The mean vasopressin level in Saliva was decreased in the whole autistic group compared to the control, but there was a significant increase in the mean vasopressin level in the older age group 10-< years than in the younger age group. Mean salivary apelin level was a highly significant increase in autistic children compared to control and didn’t find statistically significant differences between the age groups of autistic children according to the apelin level in saliva. The levels of these hormones are altered in autistic boys than the normal behavior boys, there is a significant correlation (p<0.05)between vasopressin and androgen with simple linear regression.
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