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The role of microglia in depression

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, National University of San Marcos, Lima 03, Peru

2 Faculty of Pharmacy, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Lima 03, Peru

3 Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

4 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

At least in some individuals, the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) appears to be significantly influenced by neuroinflammation. Microglia, which are situated within the brain, represent a type of immune cell that exhibits the capability to transform into a reactive state in response to inflammatory attacks. This unique ability substantiates the critical role microglia play in the initial stages of neuroinflammation. Empirical studies have revealed that microglia are proficient in discerning infections or damaged cells, thereby instigating a cytotoxic response that exacerbates the damage inflicted on brain cells. However, microglia display a wide range of reactions to injury and may potentially contribute to the process of recuperation and the reinstatement of impaired tissues. It is possible that changing the phenotype of microglia through the regulation of inflammatory pathways is essential in order to harness neuroinflammation in MDD. This study examines potential new treatment paths for modulating neuroinflammation in brain disorders by analyzing canonical proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic mechanisms in microglia.  the primary focus is on the major depressive disorder (MDD), but will also discuss other brain diseases.

Graphical Abstract

The role of microglia in depression

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ِ
Dr. Lester Raymundo Dominguez Huarcaya
National University of San Marcos

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Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports
Volume 4, Issue 2
Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports (Online ISSN: 2823-2550)
June 2024
Pages 74-87
Files
History
  • Receive Date: 30 April 2023
  • Revise Date: 19 June 2023
  • Accept Date: 21 August 2023
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