Review Article
Medical
Amir Hossein Omidi; Hoda Sabati; Sara Amini; Mohammad Ali Zonobian; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is gram-positive cocci, which is consistently one of the four causes of hospital infections. S. aureus is a member of the normal nasal and intestinal flora in 30-50% of the population. But this organism is carried in almost 90% of the clinical staff of hospitals. S. aureus is an ...
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Staphylococcus aureus is gram-positive cocci, which is consistently one of the four causes of hospital infections. S. aureus is a member of the normal nasal and intestinal flora in 30-50% of the population. But this organism is carried in almost 90% of the clinical staff of hospitals. S. aureus is an important cause of a wide variety of infectious diseases in humans. This bacterium often causes infections such as endocarditis, bacteremia, and pneumonia. S. aureus species are typically resistant to a large number of drugs. These bacteria are able to sustain and grow properly in the hospital environment and are easily transmitted to people who have weak immune systems. So far, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has been limited to hospitals, but with the increase in skin and soft tissue infections and necrotizing pneumonia in younger patients, methicillin-resistant staphylococci in the community (CA-MRSA) has spread throughout the world.
Original Article
Medical
Khadije Saravani; Soleyman Saravani; Fatemeh Dadras
Abstract
Based on the lack of acceptance of screening programs, including breast cancer screening, and cultural-social and economic differences in different regions of our country, the purpose of this research is to determine the attitudinal barriers to breast cancer mammographic screening among women of Zabol ...
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Based on the lack of acceptance of screening programs, including breast cancer screening, and cultural-social and economic differences in different regions of our country, the purpose of this research is to determine the attitudinal barriers to breast cancer mammographic screening among women of Zabol city. The study method is cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical. The statistical population includes 200 women aged over 40 years in Zabol city in 2020 who have not had mammography and were selected by census. The standard questionnaire of professional ethics criteria was used to collect research data. The study data were analyzed using SPSS software. In this study, 200 women were questioned. 5% of women were single and 85.5% were married. 56% of the surveyed women were housewives and 82% employed. 13.5% of women were illiterate and 44.5% university education. The most frequent attitudinal barriers among women were related to the barrier "not having breast cancer symptoms" and "mammography performed by male staff and physicians" so that these two factors were agreed by 75.5% and 49.5% of women, respectively. On the other hand, the lowest frequency of the above factors is related to the three factors "The lack of diagnostic significance of mammography in early cancer diagnosis" with 6% agree and completely agree, and "Not trusting mammography" and "Not trusting national policies and guidelines” with 9% agree and completely agree. Our study revealed the most important factors of reducing motivation among women in the Sistan region regarding mammography. Also, this study showed that women's employment, education and economic status can be effective in their attitude towards mammography.
Review Article
Medical
Lester Raymundo Dominguez Huarcaya; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi; Maria Fernanda Dominguez Rios
Abstract
It is possible for the non-motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD), which include constipation, sleep difficulties, and olfactory impairments, to appear up to 20 years before the motor symptoms of the disease. There is a growing body of research that suggests the pathology of Parkinson's disease ...
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It is possible for the non-motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD), which include constipation, sleep difficulties, and olfactory impairments, to appear up to 20 years before the motor symptoms of the disease. There is a growing body of research that suggests the pathology of Parkinson's disease may begin in the gastrointestinal tract and progress to the brain. Numerous studies provide credence to the idea that the microbiota in one's gut communicates with one's brain in Parkinson's disease (PD) via way of the immune system, a certain amino acid metabolism, and the neurological system. Through what has become known as the "gut microbiota-brain axis" (GMBA), the gut microbiota is thought to play an important part in the modulation of several neurochemical pathways.In the process of mediating the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the physiology of the host, many of the metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, such as fatty acids, amino acids, and bile acids, carry signaling activities. In Parkinson's disease (PD), the quantity of amino acids and species-specific alterations of amino acids, such as glutamate and tryptophan, may interfere with the signaling transmission between nerve cells and disrupt the normal operation of the basal ganglia. Certain amino acids and the receptors that bind to them are being looked at as new possible targets for the treatment of PD. The purpose of the current investigation was to compile and analyze all of the evidence that is currently available on the gut microbiota-derived amino acid metabolic changes that are related with PD.
Original Article
Medical
Mahsa Keikha; Iraj Shahramian; Khadije Saravani
Abstract
Although liver biopsy is a gold standard for evaluating liver fibrosis, due to the invasive nature of the biopsy and complications related to it in thalassemia major patients, it is important to use new, valid and non-invasive methods to estimate the stage of liver fibrosis. Therefore, this study aimed ...
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Although liver biopsy is a gold standard for evaluating liver fibrosis, due to the invasive nature of the biopsy and complications related to it in thalassemia major patients, it is important to use new, valid and non-invasive methods to estimate the stage of liver fibrosis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the status of non-invasive liver parameters such as FIB-4, APRI, and AAR in thalassemia major patients. The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2019 on patients with thalassemia major. In this study, 140 thalassemia patients were evaluated for demographic findings, liver enzymes and non-invasive indicators of liver fibrosis. Also, underlying diseases such as diabetes, ischemic heart disease and other cases were extracted from patients' medical records. Finally, the data were entered into SPSS V20 software and evaluated. In the present study, 38.6% of the patients were male and the mean age of the patients was 18.47 ± 8.21 years with an age range of 1 to 37 years. Evidence from the present study indicated that patients with thalassemia who had an abnormal liver echo had a significantly higher abnormal APRI index that was consistent with an abnormal liver echo (P = 0.019). However, these items are not applicable for AAR and FIB-4 indicators (P˃0.05). The correlation coefficient of APRI and AAR indices with ALT, AST and ferritin was relatively high and was statistically significant (P˂0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that these enzymes are well associated with changes in these indices, while there was no significant correlation between the ALKP enzyme and the above indicators. The evidence of the present study showed that non-invasive tests for liver fibrosis including APRI and AAR can have a suitable substitute in assessing the progression of liver fibrosis in thalassemia patients.
Original Article
Medical
Fatemeh Shamakhteh; Suhaib Khalid Ibrahim; Morteza Saki; Sahar Taha Hatif
Abstract
One of the most significant harmful microorganisms is Staphylococcus aureus. Due to the rise in the resistance of this bacteria to antibiotics and the lengthening of hospitalized patients' treatments, one of the causes of infection and mortality among patients hospitalized in special care units of hospitals. ...
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One of the most significant harmful microorganisms is Staphylococcus aureus. Due to the rise in the resistance of this bacteria to antibiotics and the lengthening of hospitalized patients' treatments, one of the causes of infection and mortality among patients hospitalized in special care units of hospitals. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, samples of 113 S. aureus isolates were taken from patients who had spent 4 months in the special care units of Ahvaz teaching hospitals. These samples were then tested using antibiograms for oxacillin, cefoxitin, linezolid, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin, penicillin, and Antibiotic resistance was discovered, and the findings were evaluated against those of previous investigations. 51 (57.63%) of the 113 patient-isolated samples were female, while 62 (70.1%) were male. The oldest person was 89 years old and the youngest was 4 years old. Linezolid antibiotics were effective against every tested strain, although they were ineffective against 6 tested strains (6.31%), 4 tested strains (3.54%), and 1 tested strain (88%) isolated from wound urine. Vancomycin-resistant bacteria have been found. The findings of this study demonstrate that hospital strains of S. aureus are resistant to many antibiotics. Therefore, it is important to avoid prescribing and using available antibiotics unnecessarily. It is also advised to look at the evolution of antibiotic resistance in hospital infection management in order to stop the development of resistance to these antibiotics.
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