DNA, RNA, protein components
Basak Yavuz; Ozge Caglar Cil; Akin Cayir
Abstract
It has been aimed to compare the level of cell-free nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, and miRNA) concentrations in laryngeal cancer patients with the control group composed of healthy individuals. It has been utilized 46 patients with laryngeal carcinoma who were previously diagnosed and treated were included ...
Read More
It has been aimed to compare the level of cell-free nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, and miRNA) concentrations in laryngeal cancer patients with the control group composed of healthy individuals. It has been utilized 46 patients with laryngeal carcinoma who were previously diagnosed and treated were included and 46 healthy individuals were included as a control group. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from all participants. DNA, RNA, and miRNA were fluorometrically measured. We applied Mann Whitney U test to compare both groups and the adjusted general lineal model to identify associations between nucleic acid concentrations and tumor stages. Circulating cell-free microRNA and RNA concentrations in the laryngeal cancer patients were significantly different (p<0.05). Most importantly, tumor stages were the main factor that altered miRNA concentration in circulation. Our findings support that circulating cell-free miRNA and RNA have potential to be associated with laryngeal cancer. Finally, cell-free miRNAs can be used as a tool to predict different stages of laryngeal cancer.
Bioinformatics
Sahand Sasani; Sajad Rashidi Monfared; Ali Reza Mirzaei
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (~22 nucleotides) non-coding endogenous RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by degrading the target protein-coding mRNA genes or suppressing translation in plants, which consequently participate in a variety of biological ...
Read More
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (~22 nucleotides) non-coding endogenous RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by degrading the target protein-coding mRNA genes or suppressing translation in plants, which consequently participate in a variety of biological and metabolic processes in both animals and plants. Detection of miRNAs is chiefly carried out by microarray, real-time-PCR, northern blot, and bioinformatics approaches. Bioinformatics or in silico-based approaches are the easiest and cheapest ways to identify desired miRNAs. In this study, several miRNAs in Echinophora platyloba were identified, and their potential roles were reported. E. platyloba, which belongs to the Umbelliferae family, is an endemic plant in Iran found in the Kermanshah, Hamedan, and Lorestan provinces; it has important medicinal uses such as cytotoxic activity in breast cancer, treatment of dysmenorrhea, central and peripheral analgesic effects, and hepatoprotective effects on acute acetaminophen-induced liver injuries. To this end, the RNA was extracted from E. platyloba leaf and sent to the Beijing genome institute for RNA sequencing. After quality control, low-quality data was filtered, and de novo assembly was performed. Detection of miRNAs was then performed by miRDeep (v37) and miRBase tools. Accordingly, we identified seven miRNAs from the leaf dataset, and their secondary structures were evaluated. Target genes of the detected miRNAs were identified through the psRNA target website.
Medical
Shahnam Azizi Dargahlou; Marcello Iriti; Mahin Pouresmaeil; Lucky Poh Wah Goh
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are, small (roughly 19–25 nucleotides in length), conserved, non-coding, single-stranded, and functional RNA molecules with the properties of gene expression regulation through mRNA degradation, translation repression, mRNA deadenylation as well as gene silencing via histone ...
Read More
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are, small (roughly 19–25 nucleotides in length), conserved, non-coding, single-stranded, and functional RNA molecules with the properties of gene expression regulation through mRNA degradation, translation repression, mRNA deadenylation as well as gene silencing via histone methylation. They even have the ability to increase gene expression levels. The biogenesis of miRNAs is divided into two canonical and non-canonical pathways. The second pathway has a divergent mechanism for the biogenesis of miRNAs. miRNAs can be transcribed from specific genes or introns of protein-coding genes. A single miRNA species can control the expression of hundreds of genes, and also one gene can be the target of different miRNAs. These molecules have been identified in eukaryotic organisms such as mammals and plants and even in viruses. miRNAs play an inevitable role in the life cycle of eukaryotic cells. They are involved in any biological processes such as the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, signaling, and defense responses through their spatio-temporal expression manner. Aberrant expression of miRNAs is involved in a large number of biological disorders, which illustrates their great potential to be applied in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. miRNA inhibitors (anti-miRs) and artificial miRNAs (miRNA mimics) are two general approaches to balance the dysregulated miRNA levels that make it possible to treat various biological disorders. In this study, in general, the biogenesis and the role of miRNAs, the origin of miRNAs, viral miRNAs, miRNA detection procedures, in silico miRNA analysis tools, miRNA-based therapies and their obstacles, and miRNAs as potential non-invasive biomarkers are discussed. Finally, it is stated the importance of dietary miRNAs.
)
)