System Biology
Ahmed Usman; Tanko Mahmoud Mohammed; Seni James Barka; Ismail Muhammad
Abstract
Onchocerciasis is one of the tropical neglected diseases that is still prevalent in Nigeria. The disease is of considerable socio-economic and public health importance with a lot of implications. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of human onchocerciasis in five communities of the ...
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Onchocerciasis is one of the tropical neglected diseases that is still prevalent in Nigeria. The disease is of considerable socio-economic and public health importance with a lot of implications. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of human onchocerciasis in five communities of the Northern Senatorial District of Adamawa State, Nigeria. A total of 629 study subjects were randomly selected and enrolled for the study. Skin snip and venous blood were collected from 196 and 433 study subjects respectively and examined for microfilaria of Onchocerca volvulus. Results obtained showed an overall of 3.4% infection while different Local Government Areas had different distribution patterns vis-a-viz percentages. Mubi had the highest percentage of 32.4% infection followed by Michika at 2.5% and the least was Madagali with Zero prevalence. Among different occupational groups, students had 7.8% infection, farmers had 3.4%, and other groups had zero prevalence. As per the age bracket, 10-19 years had 9.1% infection followed by 50-59 years (5.0%), and the least was 60-70 years with 1.9%. The Northern Senatorial District population needs to be educated on the disease onchocerciasis as the infection rate is rather increasing or near status with modern-day technology. The government and Non-Governmental Organizations may come in to assist in lowering the infection rate by providing or identifying specific clinics for the treatment or providing preventive drugs free.
System Biology
Ismail Muhammad; Muinat Abdullahi Muhammad; Rejoice Asher; Abdulmalik Bala Shuaibu
Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the larvicidal activity of the lower doses of commercially synthetic Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Vectobac 12 Aqueous Solution (12AS)) against the fourth instar larva. One hundred and fifty blood-fed female anopheles mosquitoes were collected from different resting ...
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This research aimed to evaluate the larvicidal activity of the lower doses of commercially synthetic Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Vectobac 12 Aqueous Solution (12AS)) against the fourth instar larva. One hundred and fifty blood-fed female anopheles mosquitoes were collected from different resting sites from Abuja Quarters in June 2022 using an aspirator and allowed to breed until the first instar larva appeared. The larvae were monitored and fed with 10% yeast until the third instar emerged. 240 healthy third instar larvae were selected and grouped into three treatments containing sixty (60) larvae each and replicated three times. The first, second and third treatments were respectively treated with 0.84, 0.42 and 0.21ml/l of Vectobac 12AS. Each treatment has a control containing twenty (20) larvae. Larval mortality was determined using a glass rod at an interval of 15 minutes for 24 hours. ANOVA was used to statistically analysed differences in the larval mortality between the treatment and probit analysis was used to determine the lethal concentration (LC) and the lethal time (LT). Mortality of 1(6.7%) and 3(5.0%) were observed in the first treatment (0.84ml/l) after 15 and 30minute of exposure respectively. The highest mortality of 60(100%) was observed in all the treatments after 24 hours of exposure. Statistically, there was no significant difference (F=0.081, P> 0.05). 2.35 ml/l, 5.54 ml/l and 8.15 ml/l was determined to be LC50, LC90 and LC99 respectively and LT50, LT90 and LT99 were found to be, 1809.29min and 2451.34min respectively. Conclusively vectobac 12AS has demonstrated a high level of efficacy as it revealed 100% larval mortality even at a lower recommended dose. Further research should be carried out to study the impact of other biological and environmental factors on the efficacy of vectobac 12AS.
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