Original Article
Medical
Kodipelly Ramana Raju; Afreen Sharifa; Paspula Soumya; Rumana Khanam; Koyala konda Banda Sanjay Bhargav
Abstract
The objective of the study is to compare and evaluate the efficacy of atorvastatin (group – A) versus rosuvastatin (group – B) on baseline parameters like lipid profile tests and to assess the risk of metabolic syndrome using a Mets calculator. A total of 100 patients were enclosed in the ...
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The objective of the study is to compare and evaluate the efficacy of atorvastatin (group – A) versus rosuvastatin (group – B) on baseline parameters like lipid profile tests and to assess the risk of metabolic syndrome using a Mets calculator. A total of 100 patients were enclosed in the present study who met the inclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups based on their treatment plan Group A includes 24 males and 26 females while Group B includes 23 males and 27 females. The mean differences before treatment for group A and group B are as follows, HDL (31.52±0.35 and 28.34±0.480), LDL (161.4±1.09 and 163.16±0.94), Total cholesterol (252.82±1.09 and 255.56±1.26) and Triglycerides (214.2±0.86 and 215.98±0.62), VLDL (35.98±0.56 and 36.12±0.43). The mean differences after treatment for group A and group B are as follows HDL (39.92±0.46 and 42.04±0.30), LDL (144.96±0.68 and 138.34±0.73), Total cholesterol (181.48±1.98 vs 174.32±2.08), Triglycerides (185.94±1.22 vs 181.74±1.77), VLDL (27.14±0.21 and 24.72±0.27). Group B (P=0.001) exhibited a significantly greater reduction in cholesterol levels as compared to Group A (P = 0.002). The reductions in LDL, VLDL, Total Cholesterol, and Triglycerides along with increased HDL levels were found to be significantly more in the Rosuvastatin group. In this study, we observed that patients on Rosuvastatin exhibited better control over lipid profile when compared to patients who are on Atorvastatin. Since, this study was conducted on a smaller number of patients, to make consecutive remarks about the superiority of either of the treatment regimen; further analysis of clinical trials is required for appropriate selection of the best statin therapy.
Original Article
Medical
Musa Yakubu Tula; Joel Filgona; Serah Erold Kyauta; Richard Elisha
Abstract
The ability of the bacterial isolate to cause debilitating effects on the host is intricate and is a function of many factors, particularly that of the host and the bacteria. Among the bacterial factors are the virulence mechanisms. As such this research was a cross-sectional study conducted between ...
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The ability of the bacterial isolate to cause debilitating effects on the host is intricate and is a function of many factors, particularly that of the host and the bacteria. Among the bacterial factors are the virulence mechanisms. As such this research was a cross-sectional study conducted between October–December 2021 to establish the existence of virulence determinants on bacterial isolates from hospital fomites and the hands of healthcare workers. To achieve this, 100 samples (including sink, beddings, door handles, benches, and hands of healthcare workers) from children, female and male wards of Mubi General Hospital were analyzed for bacterial growth and were identified by standard procedure. Isolates were subsequently screened for virulent determinants (hemolysis, hemagglutination, biofilm production, and heteroresistance) phenotypically by standard methods. From the 72 bacterial isolates recovered, 23(31.9%) were biofilm-producing organisms. Of these, 15(20.8%) and 8(11.1%) were moderate and high biofilm-producing organisms respectively with no statistical difference (P=0.665). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.9%) was the most predominant biofilm-producing organism. Furthermore, hemolysin production was predominant in Staphylococcus aureus (71.4%), while positive hemagglutination reaction was predominant in P. aeruginosa (38.5%). Sixteen (16) bacterial isolates showed heteroresistance (HR) to various antibiotics; of these, Escherichia coli (43.8%) constitute the majority of the isolates. The expression of such virulence determinants by bacterial isolates in the study area may constitute a health risk to patients and hamper the quality of health care delivery.
Original Article
Medical
Hateme Alavi; Farzaneh Zaheri; Roonak Shahoei
Abstract
Childbirth is one of the most important experiences in the life of mothers, which can bring tensions and worries due to physical and psychological changes. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the amount of support and control during childbirth and attachment after birth in mothers ...
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Childbirth is one of the most important experiences in the life of mothers, which can bring tensions and worries due to physical and psychological changes. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the amount of support and control during childbirth and attachment after birth in mothers who were referred to comprehensive health centers in Bijar County, in 2019. In this descriptive-analytical study, the studied population consisted of all the mothers who were referred to the comprehensive health centers of Bijar, who had passed 28 days after giving birth. The participants in the study were available to choose and completed the questionnaires for support and control during childbirth and attachment after birth. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 22 and multiple regression statistical tests, and a significance level of p<0.05 was considered. The results of the study showed that the level of support and control during childbirth was 83.32±17.038 and the level of attachment after birth was 47.70±4.688. Also, the results of the study showed that none of the investigated demographic variables were related to support and control during childbirth. The type of delivery (vaginal delivery with episiotomy r=-2.226, p=0.012) and the baby's gender (r=9.927, p=0.047) were related to support and control during delivery. Also, the results showed that among the demographic variables examined with attachment after birth, the variable of income (equal to monthly expenses r=6.307, p=0.01) had a positive and significant relationship with attachment after birth. The findings showed that support and control are at a moderate level and attachment after birth is at an average level, so it seems that with the necessary training on the importance of mother and child attachment to medical personnel, an effective step can be taken to improve these two factors and their consequences.
Short Article
Biochemistry
Huda Kadhim Jaafer; Melike Bilgi Kamac; Abdulnasser Mohammed Al-Gebori
Abstract
This study was aimed to study the effect of thyroid hormones on some biochemical tests of liver function in Iraqi male patients and to study the relationship between them. A controlled study included 135 samples from patients and controls, group B, 45 patients with a liver disorder, and group C: 45 patients ...
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This study was aimed to study the effect of thyroid hormones on some biochemical tests of liver function in Iraqi male patients and to study the relationship between them. A controlled study included 135 samples from patients and controls, group B, 45 patients with a liver disorder, and group C: 45 patients with a thyroid disorder, and group A: 45 healthy people (as the controls group). The study concluded that there were significant statistically significant differences for patients with liver disease, as well as for patients who suffer from abnormalities in the functions of the thyroid gland. For triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), there was clear importance and a slight impact for patients with liver disease. Because of the defect in the liver enzymes, this led to an increase in the TSB percentage, which increased significantly. Alkaline and Albumin levels indicate statistical significance within the results of our study. Serum protein levels had no significant changes in our study.
Mini Review Article
Nano-Biotechnology
Mehran Alavi; Michael R. Hamblin
Abstract
Various microorganisms are located on the human skin, mucous membrane and inside the human body. Many of these microorganisms are beneficial and few are even essential, however, some pathogens are known to cause infection and have the ability to attack and damage the host tissue. Treatment of infectious ...
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Various microorganisms are located on the human skin, mucous membrane and inside the human body. Many of these microorganisms are beneficial and few are even essential, however, some pathogens are known to cause infection and have the ability to attack and damage the host tissue. Treatment of infectious bacterial disease by antibiotics is one of the major conventional strategies. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have developed resistance to conventional antibiotics by various mechanisms, including overexpression of efflux pumps, preventing drug penetration into the cells, genetic mutations, increased production of competitive inhibitors of antibiotics, or overexpression of enzymes that inactivate or hydrolyze antibiotics. Consequently, finding a new approach to overcome these hindrances is vital for the treatment of severe bacterial infections. Nanomaterials can be effective therapeutic compounds, with unique properties compared to bulk materials. Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, particularly silver nanoparticles, have demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against most (if not all) multidrug-resistant bacteria. Several antibacterial mechanisms have been proposed for these nanoparticles, however, their interaction with bacterial nucleic acids is not completely understood, so this review discusses recent advances in this area.
Review Article
Medical
Namrata Malik; Umesh Pravin Dhuldhaj
Abstract
The sudden outbreak of coronavirus turned into a pandemic and resulted in huge socio-economic and human losses becoming a public health emergency. It took just 3-4 months to spread and encroach all over the world and not even a single country is left was unaffected by the coronavirus. WHO started clinical, ...
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The sudden outbreak of coronavirus turned into a pandemic and resulted in huge socio-economic and human losses becoming a public health emergency. It took just 3-4 months to spread and encroach all over the world and not even a single country is left was unaffected by the coronavirus. WHO started clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory investigations in response to this outbreak to control the further spread of the virus. The coronaviruses are enveloped and pleomorphic. The spike proteins present on the virus surface mediate its entry into host cells. The vaccines recommended have been shown to reduce COVID-19 illness symptoms but somehow their role in the transmission of the disease is unclear. By contrast, immunomodulatory therapy has also benefitted patients. As long as SARS-CoV-2 spreads in the population there are chances of its mutation as RNA viruses mutate over time and its upcoming variants. The previous Delta variant and the latest Omicron variant may cause much more serious deaths and health issues. Variants reduce the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies or antibodies generated by previously administered vaccines. This review focuses on the pathogenicity of coronavirus and various drug therapies available to date to cure the disease. The present study also highlights the target sites and side effects of available drugs for treating COVID-19.
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