Document Type : Original Article
Authors
- Ismael Bilal 1
- Sijia Xie 2
- Muna S Elburki 3
- Zahra Aziziaram 4
- Sangar Muhammad Ahmed 5
- Salah Tofik Jalal Balaky 6
1 Department of nursing, College of nursing, Hawler medical University, Erbil, Iraq
2 Department of Periodontics, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
3 Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya
4 Research and Development Department, Giga Biotics, San Diego, California, USA
5 Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
6 Medical Microbiology Department, College of Health Sciences, Hawler Medical University, Hawler, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a fatal brain tumor, and the standard treatment for this cancer is the surgical removal of the tumor followed by chemotherapy with temozolomide and radiotherapy. Because chemotherapy has many side effects, the use of compounds extracted from natural herbs, due to fewer side effects, can be a good alternative or supplement to chemical drugs in cancer treatment. In this study, curcumin (diferuloylmethane), known as the main active ingredient of turmeric, was used to evaluate its
cytotoxicity on four human glioblastoma cell lines (U373, U251, D54, and T98G). Among these cell lines, U373 was temozolomide resistance, and T98G was photodynamic treatment resistance. These cell lines were treated with increasing concentrations of diferuloylmethane. Survival percentage was assessed by MTT assay and the trypan blue staining method was used to evaluate the rate of cell death and confirm the results of the MTT assay. The results showed that diferuloylmethane has a cytotoxic effect on U251, D54, and T98G cell lines. This effect was higher in high concentrations of diferuloylmethane on U251 and D54 than on U373. Therefore, according to the results of the current study and further studies, curcumin (diferuloylmethane) can be considered an effective complementary treatment in the treatment of glioblastoma.
Graphical Abstract
Keywords
Main Subjects
Selected authors of this article by journal
![]() Hawler Medical University |
![]() Hawler Medical University |
Google Scholar | Google Scholar |
Open Access
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Publisher’s Note
CMBR journal remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional afflictions.
Letters to Editor
Given that CMBR Journal's policy in accepting articles will be strict and will do its best to ensure that in addition to having the highest quality published articles, the published articles should have the least similarity (maximum 18%). Also, all the figures and tables in the article must be original and the copyright permission of images must be prepared by authors. However, some articles may have flaws and have passed the journal filter, which dear authors may find fault with. Therefore, the editor of the journal asks the authors, if they see an error in the published articles of the journal, to email the article information along with the documents to the journal office.
CMBR Journal welcomes letters to the editor ([email protected]) for the post-publication discussions and corrections which allows debate post publication on its site, through the Letters to Editor. Critical letters can be sent to the journal editor as soon as the article is online. Following points are to be considering before sending the letters (comments) to the editor.
[1] Letters that include statements of statistics, facts, research, or theories should include appropriate references, although more than three are discouraged.
[2] Letters that are personal attacks on an author rather than thoughtful criticism of the author’s ideas will not be considered for publication.
[3] There is no limit to the number of words in a letter.
[4] Letter writers should include a statement at the beginning of the letter stating that it is being submitted either for publication or not.
[5] Anonymous letters will not be considered.
[6] Letter writers must include Name, Email Address, Affiliation, mobile phone number, and Comments
[7] Letters will be answered as soon as possible
- Williams P JS, Zhang X, Jimmy C (2021) An Integrated Genomic Analysis of Human Glioblastoma Multiformelastoma Multiforme. Science 321:1807-1812. doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1164382
- Zhang Y, McClain SA, Lee H-M, Elburki MS, Yu H, Gu Y, Zhang Y, Wolff M, Johnson F, Golub LM (2016) A novel chemically modified curcumin “normalizes” wound-healing in rats with experimentally induced type I diabetes: initial studies. J Diabetes Res 2016. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5782904
- Wu W, Klockow JL, Zhang M, Lafortune F, Chang E, Jin L, Wu Y, Daldrup-Link HE (2021) Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM): An overview of current therapies and mechanisms of resistance. Pharmacol Res:105780. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105780
- Herrera-Oropeza GE, Angulo-Rojo C, Gástelum-López SA, Varela-Echavarría A, Hernández-Rosales M, Aviña-Padilla K (2021) Glioblastoma multiforme: a multi-omics analysis of driver genes and tumour heterogeneity. Interface Focus 11:20200072. doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2020.0072
- Łata S, Molczyk A (2010) Side effects of temozolomide treatment in patient with glioblastoma multiforme--case study. Prz Lek 67:445-446. doi: https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S305792
- Shirzad M, Abbassian A (2021) A new glance at the role of traditional medicines in treatment of cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol:1-2. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-021-03705-4
- Elburki M, Moore D, Terezakis N, Zhang Y, Lee HM, Johnson F, Golub L (2017) A novel chemically modified curcumin reduces inflammation‐mediated connective tissue breakdown in a rat model of diabetes: periodontal and systemic effects. J Periodontal Res 52:186-200. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12381
- Wolf CP, Rachow T, Ernst T, Hochhaus A, Zomorodbakhsch B, Foller S, Rengsberger M, Hartmann M, Hübner J (2021) Interactions in cancer treatment considering cancer therapy, concomitant medications, food, herbal medicine and other supplements. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol:1-13. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-021-03625-3
- Zhang ZB, Ip SP, Cho WCS, Ng ACF, Hu Z, Huang YF, Luo DD, Xian YF, Lin ZX (2021) Herb–drug interactions between androgenic Chinese herbal medicines and androgen receptor antagonist on tumor growth: Studies on two xenograft prostate cancer animal models. Phytother Res 35:2758-2772. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7020
- Thakur S, Chaudhary G, Kaurav H Colchicum autumnale (Suranjan): A cytotoxic plant with anti-arthritis properties. doi: https://doi.org/10.31024/apj.2021.6.3.4
- Rana A, Anand J, Tyagi M, Rai N (2021) Forest-Based Medicinal Plants for Cancer Cure. In: Non-Timber Forest Products. Springer, pp 255-280. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73077-2_11
- Integrative P (2021) Curcumin (Curcuma, Turmeric) and Cancer (PDQ®). In: PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. National Cancer Institute (US), doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6054
- Elburki MS, Rossa C, Guimaraes MR, Goodenough M, Lee H-M, Curylofo FA, Zhang Y, Johnson F, Golub LM (2014) A novel chemically modified curcumin reduces severity of experimental periodontal disease in rats: initial observations. Mediators Inflamm 2014. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/959471
- Simeon-Lancelot DD, Okolie NJC, Mac-Fiberesima G, Onyije FM (2021) Histopathology and Anticolon Cancer Effects of Turmeric Ethanolic Extracts in Wistar Rats. Euro Sci J 17:147. doi: https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2021.v17n14p147
- Elburki MS, Rossa C, Guimarães-Stabili MR, Lee H-M, Curylofo-Zotti FA, Johnson F, Golub LM (2017) A chemically modified curcumin (CMC 2.24) inhibits nuclear factor κB activation and inflammatory bone loss in murine models of LPS-induced experimental periodontitis and diabetes-associated natural periodontitis. Inflammation 40:1436-1449. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-017-0587-4
- Curylofo-Zotti FA, Elburki MS, Oliveira PA, Cerri PS, Santos LA, Lee H-M, Johnson F, Golub LM, Junior CR, Guimarães-Stabili MR (2018) Differential effects of natural Curcumin and chemically modified curcumin on inflammation and bone resorption in model of experimental periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 91:42-50. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.04.007
- Sirotkin AV (2021) The Influence of Turmeric and Curcumin on Female Reproductive Processes. Planta Med. doi: https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1542-8992
- Beyene AM, Moniruzzaman M, Karthikeyan A, Min T (2021) Curcumin Nanoformulations with Metal Oxide Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications. Nanomaterials 11:460. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11020460
- Fabianowska-Majewska K, Kaufman-Szymczyk A, Szymanska-Kolba A, Jakubik J, Majewski G, Lubecka K (2021) Curcumin from Turmeric Rhizome: A Potential Modulator of DNA Methylation Machinery in Breast Cancer Inhibition. Nutrients 13:332. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020332
- Esmaeili S, Berengi-Ardestani S, Khanniri E, Barzegar M, Sahari MA (2021) Effect of storage time on the microbial and physicochemical properties of gamma irradiated turmeric powder under various atmospheres of packaging. Radiat Phys Chem:109580. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109580
- Salem W, Moussa TA, Abouraya NL (2021) Chemical Characterization of Bleached Turmeric Hydro-Alcoholic Extract and Its Effect on Dentin Microhardness Versus Sodium Hypochlorite as An Endodontic Irrigant: In Vitro Study. Egypt Dent J 67:1453-1462. doi: https://doi.org/10.21608/edj.2021.53752.1411
- Sylvester PW (2011) Optimization of the tetrazolium dye (MTT) colorimetric assay for cellular growth and viability. In: Drug design and discovery. Springer, pp 157-168. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-012-6_9
- Hay BA, Godugu K, Darwish NH, Fujioka K, Sudha T, Karakus OO, Mousa SA (2021) New Thyrointegrin αvβ3 Antagonist with a Scalable Synthesis, Brain Penetration, and Potent Activity against Glioblastoma Multiforme. J Med Chem 64:6300-6309. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00350
- Petrelli F, De Stefani A, Ghidini A, Bruschieri L, Riboldi V, Dottorini L, Iaculli A, Zaniboni A, Trevisan F (2021) Steroids use and survival in patients with glioblastoma multiforme: a pooled analysis. J Neurol 268:440-447. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-09731-5
- Waldherr L, Seitanidou M, Jakešová M, Handl V, Honeder S, Nowakowska M, Tomin T, Karami Rad M, Schmidt T, Distl J (2021) Targeted Chemotherapy of Glioblastoma Spheroids with an Iontronic Pump. Adv Mater Technol 6:2001302. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202001302
- Thamkaew G, Sjöholm I, Galindo FG (2021) A review of drying methods for improving the quality of dried herbs. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 61:1763-1786. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081312
- Gougis P, Hilmi M, Geraud A, Mir O, Funck-Brentano C (2021) Potential Cytochrome P450-mediated pharmacokinetic interactions between herbs, food, and dietary supplements and cancer treatments. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol:103342. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103342
- Singletary K (2020) Turmeric: potential health benefits. Nutr Today 55:45-56. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/NT.0000000000000392
- Im Kim H, Huang H, Cheepala S, Huang S, Chung J (2008) Curcumin inhibition of integrin (α6β4)-dependent breast cancer cell motility and invasion. Cancer Prev Res 1:385-391. doi: https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-08-0087
- Divya CS, Pillai MR (2006) Antitumor action of curcumin in human papillomavirus associated cells involves downregulation of viral oncogenes, prevention of NFkB and AP‐1 translocation, and modulation of apoptosis. Mol Carcinog 45:320-332. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/mc.20170
- Maher DM, Bell MC, O'Donnell EA, Gupta BK, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC (2011) Curcumin suppresses human papillomavirus oncoproteins, restores p53, rb, and ptpn13 proteins and inhibits benzo [a] pyrene‐induced upregulation of HPV E7. Mol Carcinog 50:47-57. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/mc.20695
- Milano F, Mari L, van de Luijtgaarden W, Parikh K, Calpe S, Krishnadath K (2013) Nano-curcumin inhibits proliferation of esophageal adenocarcinoma cells and enhances the T cell mediated immune response. Front Oncol 3:137. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2013.00137/full
- Anuchapreeda S, Leechanachai P, Smith MM, Ambudkar SV, Limtrakul P-n (2002) Modulation of P-glycoprotein expression and function by curcumin in multidrug-resistant human KB cells. Biochem Pharmacol 64:573-582. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(02)01224-8
- Bharti AC, Takada Y, Aggarwal BB (2004) Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) inhibits receptor activator of NF-κB ligand-induced NF-κB activation in osteoclast precursors and suppresses osteoclastogenesis. J Immunol 172:5940-5947. doi: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.5940
- Limtrakul P (2007) Curcumin as chemosensitizer. The molecular targets and therapeutic uses of curcumin in health and disease:269-300. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-46401-5_12