Global Sciences
Biosafety Society of IranCellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports2823-25503220230601Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of catechin, gallic acid, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate: focus on nanoformulations627216435810.55705/cmbr.2022.353962.1052ENMehran AlaviDepartment of biological science, Faculty of Science, Kurdistan University, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, IranNanobiotechnology Department, Faculty of Innovative Science and Technology, Razi University, Kermanshah, IranMichael R.HamblinWellman Centre for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USADepartment of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA0000-0001-6431-4605Ermia AghaieHigh Performance Powertrain Materials Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia – Okanagan, Kelowna, V1V 1V7, Canada0000-0003-4048-8250Seyed Ali Reza Mousavi6Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, San Diego, California, USA0000-0002-2948-1771Mohammad HajimolaaliDepartment of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-0365-6414Journal Article20220729Up to one million secondary metabolites are found in plant species, some of which may have desirable therapeutic activities. Among these secondary metabolites, catechin, gallic acid, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate are natural phenolic compounds with promising antioxidant and antibacterial activity. However, these compounds have disadvantages of poor solubility, low bioavailability in physiological conditions, and side effects in patients. Therefore new strategies could rely on formulations with other synthetic and natural materials. Nanoformulations of secondary metabolites could be new efficient strategies to treat many chronic bacterial infections. Combinations and conjugates of catechin, gallic acid, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate with various antibiotics could reduce the dose of these compounds, increase their antibacterial activity, and decrease cytotoxicity against healthy cells. For instance, a smart combination of two or more secondary metabolites may improve therapeutic applications in physiological conditions. In this regard, the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, specifically multidrug-resistant bacteria with overexpression of efflux pumps and expression of the penicillinase enzyme, has been inhibited significantly. According to recent investigations, this review will discuss the advances and challenges of new micro and nanoformulations of these natural products. https://www.cmbr-journal.com/article_164358_276858979f8b3f05a4d586f5aac9c40d.pdfGlobal Sciences
Biosafety Society of IranCellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports2823-25503220230601MicroRNAs; their therapeutic and biomarker properties738816204310.55705/cmbr.2022.365396.1085ENShahnam Azizi DargahlouDepartment of Biotechnology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, IranMarcello IritiDepartment of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Milan State University, Milan, Italy0000-0002-5063-1236Mahin PouresmaeilDepartment of Biotechnology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, IranLucky Poh Wah GohDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MalaysiaJournal Article20220520MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are, small (roughly 19–25 nucleotides in length), conserved, non-coding, single-stranded, and functional RNA molecules with the properties of gene expression regulation through mRNA degradation, translation repression, mRNA deadenylation as well as gene silencing via histone methylation. They even have the ability to increase gene expression levels. The biogenesis of miRNAs is divided into two canonical and non-canonical pathways. The second pathway has a divergent mechanism for the biogenesis of miRNAs. miRNAs can be transcribed from specific genes or introns of protein-coding genes. A single miRNA species can control the expression of hundreds of genes, and also one gene can be the target of different miRNAs. These molecules have been identified in eukaryotic organisms such as mammals and plants and even in viruses. miRNAs play an inevitable role in the life cycle of eukaryotic cells. They are involved in any biological processes such as the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, signaling, and defense responses through their spatio-temporal expression manner. Aberrant expression of miRNAs is involved in a large number of biological disorders, which illustrates their great potential to be applied in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. miRNA inhibitors (anti-miRs) and artificial miRNAs (miRNA mimics) are two general approaches to balance the dysregulated miRNA levels that make it possible to treat various biological disorders. In this study, in general, the biogenesis and the role of miRNAs, the origin of miRNAs, viral miRNAs, miRNA detection procedures,<em> in silico</em> miRNA analysis tools, miRNA-based therapies and their obstacles, and miRNAs as potential non-invasive biomarkers are discussed. Finally, it is stated the importance of dietary miRNAs. https://www.cmbr-journal.com/article_162043_a84ea261de3071581476f9328646a2f4.pdfGlobal Sciences
Biosafety Society of IranCellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports2823-25503220230601Comprehensive analysis of microRNA (miRNA) in cancer cells899716094710.55705/cmbr.2022.364591.1070ENNaghmana KanwalDepartment of Health Care Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, PakistanOthman RashidAl SamarraiApplied Chemistry Department, College of Applied Science, University of Samarra, Samarra, Iraq0000-0002-1487-4054Haider Majid Haider Al-ZaidiDepartment of Surgery, College of Medicine, Ibn Sina University of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0002-3947-0005Ali RezaMirzaeiDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran0000-0002-7765-4948Mohammad JavadHeidariFaculty of Pharmacy, Cyprus International University, Lefkosa, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Lefkosa, CyprusJournal Article20220405MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the RNA level. MicroRNAs have positive regulatory effects on protein translation processes and often induce their performance by binding to the 3'-UTR mRNA region. Also, microRNAs are involved in various cellular processes, including development, cell division, cell signaling, and cell growth, and generally play an effective role in the cell cycle and control of physiological processes and cell pathology. Several studies confirm that microRNAs play an important role in the initiation and progression of cancer, and many of them act as oncogenes and tumor suppressors. On the other hand, microRNAs are important stimulating factors that can act as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of various types of cancer, and in many cases, the occurrence of mutations in microRNAs and open-reading templates can lead to cancer. MicroRNAs also play an effective role in regulating gene expression. Biological studies have shown that about 30% of all genes and the majority of genetic pathways are regulated by microRNAs. In general, microRNAs and their target molecules are potential biological goals for primary screening, targeted treatment, and pharmaceutical resistance, and identifying them provides a clear prospect for a better understanding of the pathways leading to cancer.https://www.cmbr-journal.com/article_160947_53df3d83964171284ceb65eebdf90ad7.pdfGlobal Sciences
Biosafety Society of IranCellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports2823-25503220230601Combined Diagnostic Efficacy of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW), Prealbumin (PA), Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), and Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) as Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer9810616467310.55705/cmbr.2023.374804.1088ENXiaolei LiDepartment of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, ChinaDepartment of Bio-Therapeutic, the First Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China0000-0002-2697-6496Mohammad Reza MohammadiDepartment of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-9262-0332Journal Article20220903This study was designed to investigate the value of red blood cell distribution width (RDW), prealbumin (PA), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. There was 500 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, 250 polyps of colorectal patients, and 250 healthy volunteers performed to complete blood counts with automated differential counts. The differences in RDW, PA, PLR, and CEA among the three groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). RDW, PA, PLR, CEA, and RDW+PA+PLR+CEA all had a high accuracy rate for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. RDW, PA, PLR, CEA, and RDW+PA+PLR+CEA were divided into high-expression groups and low-expression groups according to ROC cut-off values. Age was statistically different between the high and low groups in RDW, PA, and CEA. M staging was statistically different between high and low groups in CEA, and PLR. T staging was statistically different between high and low groups in PA, CEA, PLR, and RDW+PA+CEA+ PLR. N staging and blood vessel invasion were statistically different between the high and low groups in CEA. TNM staging was statistically different between high and low groups in PA, CEA, PLR, and RDW+PA+CEA+PLR. Perineural invasion was statistically different between the high and low groups in PA and CEA. The number of lymph node metastases was significantly and positively correlated with CEA. CEA and PLR were independent risk factors for the TNM staging. And they had good diagnostic efficacy for the TNM staging of colorectal cancer. https://www.cmbr-journal.com/article_164673_b534a260b44f9152ddf3cff8e7978eb8.pdfGlobal Sciences
Biosafety Society of IranCellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports2823-25503220230310A study to assess the co-morbidities and complications of polycystic ovarian syndrome10711316481210.55705/cmbr.2023.374547.1086ENNeeli SumanthJr. Assistant Officer in Quality Assurance at Hetero, Unit V, Jadcherla, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India0000-0002-0160-176XPaspula SoumyaSmt. Sarojini Ramulamma College of Pharmacy, Seshadri Nagar, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India0000-0001-5034-6569Asma TabassumPharm. D III year, Student, Smt. Sarojini Ramulamma College of Pharmacy, Sheshadri Nagar, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India0000-0002-2099-5821Pothuganti MamathaPharm. D III year, Student, Smt. Sarojini Ramulamma College of Pharmacy, Sheshadri Nagar, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India0000-0001-8939-6184Gunti YaminiPharm. D III year, Student, Smt. Sarojini Ramulamma College of Pharmacy, Sheshadri Nagar, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India0000-0003-4483-9556Kodhiripaka MeghamalaPharm. D V year, Student, Smt. Sarojini Ramulamma College of Pharmacy, Sheshadri Nagar, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India0000-0003-0483-9527Ganganamoni PravalikaPharm. D III year, Student, Smt. Sarojini Ramulamma College of Pharmacy, Sheshadri Nagar, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India0000-0002-0727-3461Journal Article20221027The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence, co-morbidities, pharmacological therapy, and effectiveness of common lifestyle changes for metabolic dysfunction in women with the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and related comorbidities in the gynaecology division. This 6-month prospective observational study of 120 PCOS patients who were gynaecology patients at a tertiary care hospital was conducted from September 2021 to February 2022. An interview with the patient was done using an assessment form. This study highlighted the supportive evidence among PCOS patients for the advantages of changing one's lifestyle. This study involved 90 PCOS individuals out of a total of 120 participants, many of them were in the 20–30 age group. This research analyses the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease co-morbidities and demonstrates that a high BMI is the most common risk factor for PCOS. The findings of our study indicate the necessity of evaluating the complications seen in individuals who are at risk, such as infertility. This line of research demonstrates the critical impact that medication and lifestyle modifications play in managing PCOS. Patients with the polycystic ovarian syndrome should get advice regarding lifestyle modifications from a clinical pharmacist.https://www.cmbr-journal.com/article_164812_e89df7bd3538887b86568031303e906b.pdfGlobal Sciences
Biosafety Society of IranCellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports2823-25503220230601Anti-urinary tract infection activity of selected herbal extract towards isolated Kosakonia cowanii (OQ 073698)11412116862510.55705/cmbr.2023.385428.1099ENAmruta PKanakdandeSchool of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded-431606, Maharashtra State, India0000-0003-4704-509XPallavi BJadhavSchool of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded-431606, Maharashtra State, India0000-0001-6462-4291Journal Article20221110Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common types of infection caused by the gastrointestinal tract of humans. UTI is the most common in women because a women''s urethra is shorter. In the present investigation, four UTI-causing bacteria were isolated on MacConkeys as well as on UTI agar media which is selective for UTI pathogens only. The isolated bacteria were tested for antibiotic resistance towards the selective antibiotics Ampicillin (10µg), Penicillin (10µg), and Chloramphenicol (30µg). Based on antibiotic resistance and morbific nature, the organism was screened. On the basis of morphological, biochemical characteristics and the 16S r-RNA sequencing method the organism was identified as <em>Kosakonia cowanii. </em>The nucleotide sequence was deposited to NCBI and received a unique accession number<em> </em>(OQ 073698). The anti-UTI activity was performed towards selective medicinal herbs by using ethanol, methanol and water as solvent extraction methods. The <em>Embilica officinalis </em>ethanolic extract (1 mg/ml) and standard antibiotic chloramphenicol showed 1.8 mm zone of inhibition against <em>K. cowanii </em>(OQ 073698). From the present study, it is concluded that <em>E. officinalis </em>ethanolic extract was effective to treat UTI infection. Another core finding from the present study includes - an isolated pathogen that was earlier resistant to ampicillin but when combines with <em>E. officinalis</em> and <em>Boerhavia diffusa </em>ethanolic extracts separately showed 2.0 mm zone of inhibition.https://www.cmbr-journal.com/article_168625_54d28f5981f3718b03951b97f867e084.pdf