Global Sciences
Biosafety Society of IranCellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports2823-25502220220601Bioinformatics analysis and pharmacological effect of Stevia rebaudiana in the prevention of type-2 diabetes647315022010.55705/cmbr.2022.336232.1035ENAli RezaMirzaeiDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran0000-0002-7765-4948Vida Shakoory-MoghadamDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, IranJournal Article20220205Different groups of enzymes and regulatory elements are involved in the synthesis of Ribodioside A, which is one of the most important sweetening compounds in stevia. The UGT family (UDP-glycosyltransferase) is a group of regulatory genes that are very effective in converting steviol glycoside to Ribodioside A. Bioinformatics analyses on this gene family, which included the <em>UGT74G1</em>, <em>UGT76G1</em>, and <em>UGT85C2</em> genes, showed that the protein encoded by these genes had a UDPGT protected protein domain. Also, the study of the secondary structure of these proteins showed that the total corrosion of these proteins is mainly from alpha-helix and random screws or loops that are connected with linear strands. Also, the study of the secondary structure of these proteins showed that the total corrosion of these proteins is mainly from alpha-helix and random screws or loops that are connected with linear strands. The results of studying the three-dimensional structure of the studied proteins confirmed the previous findings of high genomic similarity between these proteins. The results of the ProtScale program showed that the abundance of amino acids with negative hydropathicity in the sequence of these proteins is high, which is effective in creating plant resistance to drought stress. Finally, the codon preference trend of these proteins was investigated using the sequence manipulation suite database. This information can be used for other research, including the transfer of these proteins.https://www.cmbr-journal.com/article_150220_e0c51285656b23b0ebf55d8e67d8bcab.pdfGlobal Sciences
Biosafety Society of IranCellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports2823-25502220220601Effect of unripe fruit extract of Momordica charantia on total cholesterol, total triglyceride and blood lipoproteins in the blood of rats with hyperlipidemia748615022110.55705/cmbr.2022.338806.1038ENMehdi Doosti-MoghaddamDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran0000-0001-8310-4726Hamid RezaMiriDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran0000-0002-2114-0534Arezou GhahghaeiDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, IranMohammad RezaHajinezhadDepartment of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zabol, Zabol, IranHadi SabooriDepartment of Statistics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, IranJournal Article20220422Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. In this study, the effects of an unripe fruit extract of <em>Momordica charantia</em> on total cholesterol, total triglyceride and lipoproteins in the blood of mice with hyperlipidemia were investigated. In this study, 28 adult male Wistar rats weighing 210 to 250 g were selected and randomly divided into four groups of seven. One group was on a normal diet and the other groups were fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks to develop hyperlipidemia. Experimental groups in this study were included group 1: control, oral administration of normal food without any drugs or extracts. Group 2: hyperlipidemia mice, feeding with normal food. Group 3: hyperlipidemia mice with a diet containing 4%. Group 4: hyperlipidemia mice with a diet containing 8%. The animals were fed by gavage at a dose of 4% and 8% of <em>M. charantia</em> powder solution for 15 days. Blood samples were taken and the level of total cholesterol, total triglyceride, and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) were measured enzymatically. The amount of low-density lipoproteins was calculated by Friedewald's formula. Data were analyzed using the analysis of variance. Experimental results showed that immature fruit powder of <em>M. charantia</em> quarantine significantly reduced serum triglycerides in group 8% mice fed rats fed a high-fat diet. Moreover, immature fruit powder of <em>M. charantia</em> increased the level of high-density lipoproteins. There was a statistically significant difference between the level of cholesterol and the level of low-density proteins (LDL). The highest reduction belonged to the group receiving immature powder. The results of the experiment showed that the unripe fruit extract of <em>M. charantia</em> has strong antilipidemic effects on rats fed with a high-fat diet.https://www.cmbr-journal.com/article_150221_89dc13b54cc1a450c30b2c7a188082e0.pdfGlobal Sciences
Biosafety Society of IranCellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports2823-25502220220601Surface modification of SiO2 nanoparticles for bacterial decontaminations of blood products879715026210.55705/cmbr.2022.338888.1039ENMehran AlaviDepartment of biological science, Faculty of Science, Kurdistan University, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, IranNanobiotechnology Department, Faculty of Innovative Science and Technology, Razi University, Kermanshah, IranMichael R.HamblinLaser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South AfricaWellman Centre for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USADepartment of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA0000-0001-6431-4605M. R.MozafariAustralasian Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative (ANNI), 8054 Monash University LPO, Clayton, Victoria 3168, AustraliaSupreme Pharmatech Co. LTD, 399/90-95 Moo 13 Kingkaew Rd. Soi 25/1, T. Rachateva, A. Bangplee, Samutprakan 10540, ThailandIrwin Rose Alencar De MenezesLaboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry; Department of Biological Chemistry; Regional University of Cariri; Rua Coronel Antônio Luis 1161, Pimenta, CEP 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, Brazil0000-0003-1065-9581Henrique Douglas Melo CoutinhoLaboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology; Department of Biological Chemistry; Regional University of Cariri; Rua Coronel Antônio Luis 1161, Pimenta, CEP 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, BrazilJournal Article20220123Bacterial infections can be caused by contamination of labile blood products with specific bacteria, such as <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em>. Hospital equipment, bio-protective equipment, delivery systems, and medical devices can be easily contaminated by microorganisms. Multidrug-resistant bacteria can survive on various organic or inorganic polymeric materials for more than 90 days. Inhibiting the growth and eradicating these microorganisms is vital in blood transfusion processes. Blood bags and other related medical devices can be improved by the incorporation of organic or inorganic nanomaterials, particularly silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles. The addition of solid organic or inorganic nanoparticles to synthetic polymers or biopolymers can provide new properties in addition to antimicrobial activity. Among these NPs, formulations composed of SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles and polymers have been shown to improve the mechanical and antimicrobial properties of catheters, prosthetic inserts, blood bags, and other medical devices SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles possess several advantages, including large-scale synthetic availability, simple one-pot synthesis methods, porous structure for loading antibacterial agents, good biocompatibility, and thermal stability. Plasticized polyvinyl chloride is the main polymer, which has been functionalized by these nanoparticles. In this review, we discuss the recent advances and challenges regarding the functionalization of polyvinyl chloride by SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles to hinder bacterial contaminations in blood products. https://www.cmbr-journal.com/article_150262_60530b5204df896f7d6ed1c70a1bc080.pdfGlobal Sciences
Biosafety Society of IranCellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports2823-25502220220601When successive viral mutations prevent definitive treatment of COVID-199810815031910.55705/cmbr.2022.339012.1040ENMohammad RezaMohammadiDepartment of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-9262-0332Hoda SabatiBiotechnology and Biological Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-4473-7245Journal Article20220206NCP (new coronavirus pneumonia) was discovered in Wuhan towards the end of 2019 and quickly spread throughout the city. The infection was identified as a novel coronavirus, and the World Health Organization (WHO) called it coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Most people with this infection can experience mild to severe and even fatal symptoms after a period of disease incubation of 4 to 14 days. In up to 10% of patients, gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and diarrhea, as well as associated abdominal discomfort, may occur before respiratory symptoms. Several SARS-CoV-2 variations have been identified during the epidemic, however, only a handful are deemed variants of concern (VOCs) by the WHO due to their worldwide public health effect. In this article, we looked at new mutations in COVID-19 as well as the adverse effects of the virus on the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal tract. The discovery of these novel SARS-CoV-2 variations threatens to undo the substantial success made so far in restricting the spread of this viral disease, despite the extraordinary speed with which vaccines against COVID-19 have been developed and vigorous worldwide mass immunization efforts. Through mechanisms involving the dysregulated ACE 2 receptor and TMPRSS2, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has the potential to induce significant systemic disease in the GI tract, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. Due to the observation of new and daily mutations of this dangerous virus, the definitive treatment of this disease is becoming more and more difficult and facing major challenges that it requires many clinical trials and researches. https://www.cmbr-journal.com/article_150319_f38fc78324aace64fe554fadc76e3b01.pdfGlobal Sciences
Biosafety Society of IranCellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports2823-25502220220601Antibacterial and antifungal activities of medicinal plant species and endophytes10911515034010.55705/cmbr.2022.340532.1042ENShirin AhmadiDepartment of biology, faculty of science, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran0000-0002-7865-2282Journal Article20220203Systemic bacterial and fungal infections in recent years due to the increasing number of debilitating diseases immune system such as AIDS, blood malignancies, overdose, corticosteroid drugs, and broad-spectrum antibiotics has been raised. There is a prevalence of acute and subsequent candida infections with drug-resistance properties such as fluconazole. Due to the prevalence and spread of fungal and bacterial diseases, the effort to find treatments has increased more than before. The use of plant compounds for the therapy of fungal and bacterial diseases is effective due to their unique biocompatible and bioavailable. The trend toward new antifungal and antibacterial agents being introduced to the market remains small, while resistance to many antibiotics is emerging, especially in patients receiving long-term treatment. Considering the enormous antimicrobial potentials of natural compounds isolated from plants and endophytes and screening of new antibiotics for various pharmaceutical applications as an alternative source remains largely unknown. Endophytes and medicinal plant species have main primary and secondary metabolites suitable to hindrance or inactivation of pathogens. Recently, various studies about the antibacterial and antifungal activities of these metabolites have been reported. For this purpose, in this review, antibacterial and antifungal activities of endophytes of <em>Pestalotiopsis</em> genus and medicinal plant species of <em>Zingiber</em> and <em>Hydnora</em> genera have been discussed according to recent studies.https://www.cmbr-journal.com/article_150340_f63218369a30c7a6ade7eaf6f0386034.pdfGlobal Sciences
Biosafety Society of IranCellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports2823-25502220220601Genetic resistance to human malaria11612815090510.55705/cmbr.2022.342533.1043ENIsmail MuhammadDepartment of zoology, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria.0000-0002-3803-8966Bala AbubakarDepartment of zoology, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria0000-0001-8854-7665Tanko MahmoudMuhammadDepartment of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Mubi, Nigeria0000-0002-9569-1400Journal Article20220215Human beings are sometime expose to the same to predisposing factors of a given infectious disease, but the outcome in terms of disease manifestation differs greatly. This variation is mainly attributed to the genetic makeup of such individuals; this is because human genetic has long been associated with the variation in susceptibility to various infectious diseases, which is termed as genetic resistance. Therefore the aim of this paper was to review the state of knowledge on genetic resistance associated with malaria infection. Genetic resistance to malaria can be describe as an inherited alteration or changes in the genetic material of humans specifically DNA molecule and other vital biomolecules which increases the chances of resistance to malaria and thus, result in an increased survival of individuals with those genetic alterations. In addition such changes also affect the general wellbeing and survival of the parasite to the extent that the parasite cannot even multiply or replicate itself while in such infected erythrocyte. This is because such alteration in the DNA molecule interferes with some of the vital chemical and biochemical processes of the parasite (<em>Plasmodim spp</em>). Therefore, several genetic disorders and or trait which include: Sickle cell disease, Glocose-6-Phosphatedehyrogenase deficiency, Pyruvate Kinase deficiency, Duffy antigen, Ovalocytocytosis, Thalassemia and ABO blood group are known to offer special protection against malaria disease in individuals who possessed at least one of such disorders or trait.https://www.cmbr-journal.com/article_150905_1e6b714402ae5ead2fc48ec476dee31a.pdf