Medical
Mahsa Keikha; Iraj Shahramian; Khadije Saravani
Abstract
Although liver biopsy is a gold standard for evaluating liver fibrosis, due to the invasive nature of the biopsy and complications related to it in thalassemia major patients, it is important to use new, valid and non-invasive methods to estimate the stage of liver fibrosis. Therefore, this study aimed ...
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Although liver biopsy is a gold standard for evaluating liver fibrosis, due to the invasive nature of the biopsy and complications related to it in thalassemia major patients, it is important to use new, valid and non-invasive methods to estimate the stage of liver fibrosis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the status of non-invasive liver parameters such as FIB-4, APRI, and AAR in thalassemia major patients. The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2019 on patients with thalassemia major. In this study, 140 thalassemia patients were evaluated for demographic findings, liver enzymes and non-invasive indicators of liver fibrosis. Also, underlying diseases such as diabetes, ischemic heart disease and other cases were extracted from patients' medical records. Finally, the data were entered into SPSS V20 software and evaluated. In the present study, 38.6% of the patients were male and the mean age of the patients was 18.47 ± 8.21 years with an age range of 1 to 37 years. Evidence from the present study indicated that patients with thalassemia who had an abnormal liver echo had a significantly higher abnormal APRI index that was consistent with an abnormal liver echo (P = 0.019). However, these items are not applicable for AAR and FIB-4 indicators (P˃0.05). The correlation coefficient of APRI and AAR indices with ALT, AST and ferritin was relatively high and was statistically significant (P˂0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that these enzymes are well associated with changes in these indices, while there was no significant correlation between the ALKP enzyme and the above indicators. The evidence of the present study showed that non-invasive tests for liver fibrosis including APRI and AAR can have a suitable substitute in assessing the progression of liver fibrosis in thalassemia patients.
Biochemistry
Ruqayah Ali Salman
Abstract
Breast cancer, the most frequent disease in women worldwide, represents a significant public health concern on a global scale. Breast cancer was the most frequent type of cancer among Iraqi women in 2018, accounting for the highest percentage of malignant tumors in women. Breast cancer is a set of physiological ...
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Breast cancer, the most frequent disease in women worldwide, represents a significant public health concern on a global scale. Breast cancer was the most frequent type of cancer among Iraqi women in 2018, accounting for the highest percentage of malignant tumors in women. Breast cancer is a set of physiological and molecular heterogeneous diseases that begin in the breast. Advanced breast cancer with distant organ metastases is considered incurable with current therapies. Aside from new treatment improvements, the next global challenge in breast cancer care is equal worldwide access to therapeutic advances. The incidence of breast cancer continues to rise in every part of the world. Despite advances in its identification and treatment, which have resulted in lower mortality rates, it appears vital to seek out new therapeutic approaches, predictive and prognostic indicators. The article provides a literature review of breast carcinoma, a condition that affects women worldwide. As a result, women should be aware of the disease's course, the importance of regular screenings for early detection of breast cancer, and the best treatment options.
Application of medicinal plants in medicine
Shagoon Tabin; Raghubir Chand Gupta; Azra Nahid kamili; Javid Ahmad parray
Abstract
Most of the plants are essential due to their medicinal properties and have contributed to the origin and evolution of many traditional herbal therapies. Rheum is also one of the famous and known medicinal plants of Kashmir Himalaya. It ranges from an altitude of 1700-5500 m. Its Roots are long and stout. ...
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Most of the plants are essential due to their medicinal properties and have contributed to the origin and evolution of many traditional herbal therapies. Rheum is also one of the famous and known medicinal plants of Kashmir Himalaya. It ranges from an altitude of 1700-5500 m. Its Roots are long and stout. The stem is erect, hollow, sulcate, glabrous, or strigose. It is native to Asia-Temperate to Asia-Tropical, from China to India, Nepal, and Pakistan. In India, its found in Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Uttar Pradesh. Rhubarb is the English name of the genus Rheum (family Polygonaceae). Emodi, Webbianum and Spiciforme are three species of Rheum found in Kashmir Himalaya. Rheum species are well-known medicinal plant and is found on high altitudes. Its leaves and stalks are taken as food and cooked as vegetables. It’s used as medicine and is generally proven more effective against certain ailments like antibacterial, anticancerous, anti-inflammatory, rheumatoid diseases, stomachache, and intestinal problems. It is also used for the treatment of indigestion, abdominal disorders, boils, wounds and flatulence. But Rheum has become endangered due to exploitation. Active compounds like aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysaphanol and physicion are found in this plant which is anti Cancerian agents. High molecular diversity is also observed in all the three species of Rheum.
Medical
Fatemeh Shamakhteh; Suhaib Khalid Ibrahim; Morteza Saki; Sahar Taha Hatif
Abstract
One of the most significant harmful microorganisms is Staphylococcus aureus. Due to the rise in the resistance of this bacteria to antibiotics and the lengthening of hospitalized patients' treatments, one of the causes of infection and mortality among patients hospitalized in special care units of hospitals. ...
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One of the most significant harmful microorganisms is Staphylococcus aureus. Due to the rise in the resistance of this bacteria to antibiotics and the lengthening of hospitalized patients' treatments, one of the causes of infection and mortality among patients hospitalized in special care units of hospitals. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, samples of 113 S. aureus isolates were taken from patients who had spent 4 months in the special care units of Ahvaz teaching hospitals. These samples were then tested using antibiograms for oxacillin, cefoxitin, linezolid, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin, penicillin, and Antibiotic resistance was discovered, and the findings were evaluated against those of previous investigations. 51 (57.63%) of the 113 patient-isolated samples were female, while 62 (70.1%) were male. The oldest person was 89 years old and the youngest was 4 years old. Linezolid antibiotics were effective against every tested strain, although they were ineffective against 6 tested strains (6.31%), 4 tested strains (3.54%), and 1 tested strain (88%) isolated from wound urine. Vancomycin-resistant bacteria have been found. The findings of this study demonstrate that hospital strains of S. aureus are resistant to many antibiotics. Therefore, it is important to avoid prescribing and using available antibiotics unnecessarily. It is also advised to look at the evolution of antibiotic resistance in hospital infection management in order to stop the development of resistance to these antibiotics.
Medical
CH Satish Kumar; Sayoni Roy; Talari Aishwarya; Chilkuri Shashank Setty; Omamah Afreen; Ammapally Maheshwari; Hafsa Ansari
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are a major public health concern in both developed and developing countries. Early detection and treatment of maternal health issues reduce the severity of these issues. This study set out to identify possible risk factors of these conditions and evaluate ...
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Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are a major public health concern in both developed and developing countries. Early detection and treatment of maternal health issues reduce the severity of these issues. This study set out to identify possible risk factors of these conditions and evaluate current methods of treatment. Throughout the research (6 months), 80 PIH women who met the inclusion criteria were studied in an observational study. Women in their twenties and thirties are more likely to have pregnancy-induced hypertension. Preeclampsia and gestational hypertension in pregnancy are the most common types. Hypertension issues are more common among pregnant women who are more likely to be obese, have had previous pregnancies, and reside in rural areas. Medication for the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension is prescribed and administered regarding drugs used for primary hypertension. Methyldopa and labetalol are examples of first-line treatments. Patients with PIH who are about to give birth are given hydralazine intravenously (IV) or nifedipine orally (P.O.) as a second-line treatment. When providing antihypertensive medicines or any other medications, the well-being of both maternal and fetal is taken into consideration. The risks to both mother and child may be reduced with prompt treatment with additional, safe medications.
Medical
Poluri Koteswari; Pilly Aishwarya Lakshmi; Mohammed Yaseen; Sameera sultana; Amena Tabassum; Paspula Soumya; Aasimah Kawkab
Abstract
The main aim of the study was to identify factors associated with preterm birth. The study was conducted for a period of 6 months from September 2019 to February 2020 in 1607 women at SVS Medical College and Hospital, and Sushrutha Hospital, Mahabubnagar and it eventually selected 80 pregnant women for ...
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The main aim of the study was to identify factors associated with preterm birth. The study was conducted for a period of 6 months from September 2019 to February 2020 in 1607 women at SVS Medical College and Hospital, and Sushrutha Hospital, Mahabubnagar and it eventually selected 80 pregnant women for the final experiment. Those pregnant women who had pre-eclampsia, intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy, placenta previa or chorioamnionitis were more likely to experience pre-term birth. A patient interview was conducted in a detailed manner and all the necessary information regarding the mother and the infant were collected to carry out the study. Among 80 patients, collected the highest number of 39 cases i.e. 49% in between the age group of 17-23 years and the least number of cases therefore 19 i.e. 24% in between the age group of 35-45 years. We studied that maternal variable such as social status and educational status also impacts deliveries. Alcoholics had the highest number of very pre-term deliveries i.e., 36.25%. And among undergraduates, moderate preterm deliveries were a predominant number, i.e. 38.75%. Among the cases collected, 22.5% of women who have previous abortions had the highest number of preterm births with 31 cases and 5% of women with thyroid had the least number of pre-term births. 41% of preemie births were observed in the gestational gap of < 18 months, while 24% were recorded in > 30 months. In between two types of deliveries, 69% of preemie births were observed in the cesarean section and normal delivery includes 31%. The results of our study reveal that there is a need to assess the causes and complications among pregnant women who are at risk of delivering a premature baby. We have concluded that counseling the patients about their risk factors is necessary, and the patients should be told that harmful social habits will have a huge impact on their baby, before or after the delivery.
Cytoskeleton and cell membrane interactions
Israa Talib Hassan; Hala Saadi Issa; Ekhlas Ali Hussein; Reem Ali Haddad
Abstract
Premenstrual tension is a common public health problem that significantly affects the personal well-being, academics, and of adolescents’ life quality. Consequently, the purpose of the study is to ascertain the prevalence of premenstrual tensions and evaluate its academic and social impact on Iraqi ...
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Premenstrual tension is a common public health problem that significantly affects the personal well-being, academics, and of adolescents’ life quality. Consequently, the purpose of the study is to ascertain the prevalence of premenstrual tensions and evaluate its academic and social impact on Iraqi female medical students. From February 2022 to May 2022, a cross-sectional study was carried out at several institutions in Baghdad/Iraq, including (the College of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dentistry). An online self-questionnaire was used to gather information on the premenstrual tension symptoms, menstrual pain, and academic performance of 2080 Iraqi female medical students. Most respondents (73.6%) experienced various premenstrual symptoms with varying degrees of severity; the most frequent symptoms were depressed mood, anger, irritability, flatulence, acne, and breast tenderness. Approximately (49.0%) of the participants experienced menstrual pain, (78.1%) reported regular menstruation, and (40%) reported learning difficulties. The predominant impact on academic performance was lack of concentration (39.5%) and difficulty in work (34.0%). Among the participants, the majority of the students (59.4%) reported self-medicating with painkillers such as NSAIDs. Furthermore, the study shows that premenstrual symptoms were significantly linked with reduced academic performance and interpersonal relationships among Iraqi medical students (P<0.001). The current study found that premenstrual tension symptoms are associated with poor educational performance and poor interpersonal relationships among Iraqi female medical students. To close the gender gap in our society for a better future, more study is required to analyze and assess the cause of premenstrual tension symptoms and therapeutic interventions.
Medical
Farhad Nalaini; Saleh Salehi Zahabi; Mohadese Abdoli; Elham Kazemi; Mahmood Mehrbakhsh; Salar Khaledian; Reza Fatahian
Abstract
In this review, we will discuss the neuroimaging findings of patients with COVID-19 from the outbreak (late December 2019) to the end of October 2021. PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, ProQuest, Web of Science and the World Health Organization database (January 01, 2020, to October 30, ...
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In this review, we will discuss the neuroimaging findings of patients with COVID-19 from the outbreak (late December 2019) to the end of October 2021. PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, ProQuest, Web of Science and the World Health Organization database (January 01, 2020, to October 30, 2021) were searched for related published articles. In each of the databases, the appendix search strategies were performed and the below keywords were used: COVID-19”OR“coronavirus disease 2019” AND “brain MRI” OR “brain magnetic resonance imaging” OR “brain CT” OR “neuroimaging”. In total, neuroimaging findings of 1550 patients, with ages from 1-96 years, were analyzed. Most brain neuroimaging findings include hyperintensity, Cerebral venous thrombosis, intraventricular and subarachnoid hemorrhage, infarction, leukoencephalopathy, acute ischemic strokes and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in adult patients and severe encephalopathy, stroke, infarction, CNS infection/demyelination, neuritis or polyradiculitis, venous thrombosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and longitudinally extensive myelitis, and myositis in pediatric patients. Our findings showed that the most important complication of the coronavirus is not just respiratory complications, because although transiently, COVID-19-related brain complications are seen in pediatrics as well as adults, and families should pay more attention to health care.
Medical
Musa Yakubu Tula; Joel Filgona; Musa Sale Pukuma
Abstract
This systematic review appraised the current status of DEC in Nigeria from the year 2000 to August 2022 with regards to their prevalence, pathotypes distribution, and dominance within the 6 geopolitical zones. Three research databases (AJOL, PubMed, and Google Scholar) were explored for articles of interest. ...
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This systematic review appraised the current status of DEC in Nigeria from the year 2000 to August 2022 with regards to their prevalence, pathotypes distribution, and dominance within the 6 geopolitical zones. Three research databases (AJOL, PubMed, and Google Scholar) were explored for articles of interest. From the outcome of the search, 19 full-length research articles from January 2000 to August 2022 that described the prevalence of DEC by molecular technique were recruited into the study. The results show that the studies of DEC were higher in the southern (52.63%) than in the northern (47.37%) region. Based on specimen types, 47.37% (9/19) and 52.63% (10/19) articles documented DEC from non-clinical and clinical sources, respectively. From the clinical sources, 70% of the studies targeted children of less than five years of age for the detection of DEC. The mean prevalence of DEC in Nigeria stands at 18.8%. The regional prevalence varies with the highest in the SW (32.57%) and the lowest in the NC (10.07%). The relationship between the prevalence of DEC to age group, gender, sample sources (clinical or non-clinical), study design (experimental and control groups), and regional differences were examined using odd ratios and chi-square statistics. Significance differences (P=0.0001) were obtained for all the parameters except gender which shows a lack of significant difference (P=0.1129). The most prevalent DEC pathotype was EAEC pathovar (44.62%) and the least was DAEC (2.23%). The regional distribution of the DEC pathotypes varies with the type of sample (clinical and non-clinical). Hybrid pathotypes were detected and constitute 4.89 % of the total DEC detected. The most prominent hybrid detected was EAEC/ETEC (39.13%). In that order, the DEC pathotypes were mostly resistant to ampicillin, penicillin, cotrimoxazole, and tetracycline, but were mostly susceptible to imipenem, gentamycin, and ofloxacin. We, therefore, advocate regular or periodic surveillance of DEC, and their drug resistance pattern, which will be useful to clinical personnel in their choice of a treatment regimen.
Medical
Nooshin Amjadi; Maryam Talayeh; Mohadeseh Momeni; Nasrin Mansouri
Abstract
Meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) affects 15-20% of term pregnancies. Recent studies have shown that MSAF has adverse effects on neonatal outcomes. There is no scientific consensus on the incidence of fetal distress in MSAF neonates, and most cesarean sections due to MSAF are unnecessary. The present ...
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Meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) affects 15-20% of term pregnancies. Recent studies have shown that MSAF has adverse effects on neonatal outcomes. There is no scientific consensus on the incidence of fetal distress in MSAF neonates, and most cesarean sections due to MSAF are unnecessary. The present study was conducted to assess umbilical artery blood pH in neonates with MSAF and to examine whether there is a relationship between MSAF and fetal distress. A clinical survey case-control was conducted on the neonates of 200 pregnant women admitted to a delivery unit of the obstetrics and Gynecology center in Amir al-Momenin Hospital, Zabol in 2014. Neonates born with MSAF made up the case group, and the control group consisted of neonates born with clear amniotic fluid. Umbilical cord arterial pH, gestational age, gender, mode of delivery, and one and five-minute Apgar scores were considered in both groups. The mean pH of the umbilical cord artery blood in the infants of the case group was 7.25, and the mean pH of the umbilical cord artery in the infants of the control group was 7.29 (P = 0.93). The mean gestational age in the case and control groups was 40.08 weeks and 38.32 weeks, respectively (P= 0.03). In this study, a cesarean delivery (P=0.001) and female gender (P= 0.016) were higher in the case group than in the control group. MSAF does not necessarily imply fetal distress, so urgent cesarean sections are unnecessary. This study showed that based on the acidity variables of the umbilical cord artery, there is no statistically significant correlation between the Apgar score at the 1st and 5th minute. While a significant difference has been observed between the type of delivery, gestational age and baby's gender.
Medical
Farzaneh Fazeli; Masumeh Ahanjan
Abstract
Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disease, is recognized as the most frequent disorder in the endocrine system with hyperglycemia dealing with either insulin resistance or insufficiency or both. This disease is usually associated with numerous acute and chronic complications. Also, the treatment of diabetes ...
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Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disease, is recognized as the most frequent disorder in the endocrine system with hyperglycemia dealing with either insulin resistance or insufficiency or both. This disease is usually associated with numerous acute and chronic complications. Also, the treatment of diabetes complications has imposed a heavy financial burden on most societies. During the last decade, pancreatic islet transplantation has been widely studied as a potential therapy for diabetes. Of course, due to its limitations removing pancreatic cells from the corpse is very difficult. Stem cells are renewable cellular sources that are proposed as a substitute for organ transplantation. These cells which can be found in almost all multicellular organisms are capable of division and transforming into highly specialized cells, they can also replace injured and lost cells. The possibility of using stem cells in diabetes therapy and building insulin-producing islets has long been considered by most scientists and can be a future hope for controlling diabetes. Interestingly, human stem cells derived from hematopoietic organs, liver, pancreas, and embryonic human stem cells are among these factors. In this article, a series of studies carried out on this field is briefly reviewed.
Medical
Hasan Kamel Alsaedy; Ali Reza Mirzaei; Redha Alwan Hasan Alhashimi
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most complex and common diseases affected by many factors. In recent years, many studies have been conducted on the genetic characteristics of cancer, among which we can mention lncRNA Long Non-Coding RNAs, which effectively eliminate cancer tumors. LncRNAs are non-coding protein ...
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Cancer is one of the most complex and common diseases affected by many factors. In recent years, many studies have been conducted on the genetic characteristics of cancer, among which we can mention lncRNA Long Non-Coding RNAs, which effectively eliminate cancer tumors. LncRNAs are non-coding protein transcripts with a length of more than 200 nucleotides that react with other molecules through their unique structure and affect many cellular processes and chemical reactions in this way; they act as tumor suppressors and oncogenes in tumorigenic responses. On the other hand, lncRNAs play an essential role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, regulation of gene expression at different epigenetic levels of transcription, post-transcription, and interaction of molecules with other vital factors such as DNA, proteins, and other RNAs. Some lncRNAs can react with enzymes that change the state of chromatin and increase the transcriptional activity of some genes or turn off another group of genes. Also, lncRNAs are present in essential processes such as directing ribonucleoprotein complexes, regulating alternating processing, and maintaining the state of multipotency. Examining the function of lncRNAs has greatly impacted the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer cells. This review closely examines recent research on the use of lncRNAs in progression as clinical biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets in cancer.
Medical
Ismail Muhammad; Pukuma Micah Sale; Tanko Mahmoud Mohammed; Saleh Zaliha Miyim; Asiya Muhammad Usman
Abstract
Malaria control and its elimination heavenly depend on successful and reliable diagnosis using recommended diagnostic techniques. These available techniques often have certain peculiarities and mode applications, thus making them have different levels of performance and accuracy. Therefore the aim of ...
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Malaria control and its elimination heavenly depend on successful and reliable diagnosis using recommended diagnostic techniques. These available techniques often have certain peculiarities and mode applications, thus making them have different levels of performance and accuracy. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of PCR in relation to Rapid Diagnostic Test Kit (SD Bio line Malaria Ag P.f (05fk50)) in malaria diagnosis. A total of 200 blood samples were collected from the consented study subjects using the vein puncture technique and analysed using PCR and RDTs. Plasmodium falcifarum’s DNA was extracted using Quick-DNA™ Miniprep Plus Kit with catalog number D4069. 18SrRNA gene of Plasmodium falciparum from chromosome 13 was amplified using the two primers. For the RDTs technique, the SD Bio line Malaria Ag P.f (05fk50) test kit was used. Malaria prevalence of 106(53.0%) and 132(66.0%) were recorded using PCR and RDTs respectively. The PCR demonstrates an overall accuracy of 0.53 with sensitivity and specificity values of 56.06 and 52.94% respectively. The negative and positive predictive values were 69.81 and 38.30% respectively. PCR demonstrated a good level of performance and is therefore recommended as an effective diagnostic tool for malaria, especially in patients where the parasite density/parasitaemia level is very low.
Medical
Palle Rishitha Reddy; Golla Poojitha; Sandaram Kavitha; Syeda Lubna Samreen; Ayman Naseer; Poluri Koteswari; Paspula Soumya
Abstract
The study aimed to assess established and non-established risk factors and drug therapy problems in the cardiology department and perform a Prospective Observational Study. The study was conducted for a period of 6 months from September 2019 to February 2020 in 200 patients with established heart diseases ...
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The study aimed to assess established and non-established risk factors and drug therapy problems in the cardiology department and perform a Prospective Observational Study. The study was conducted for a period of 6 months from September 2019 to February 2020 in 200 patients with established heart diseases attending a tertiary care hospital in the cardiology department. A patient interview was conducted using an evaluation form. Among 100 patients with established cardiovascular diseases that were engaged in this study, a high number of patients were males and the majority of the patients were in the age group ‘Between’ 41-60 years. This study shows smoking and alcohol consumption is the most common risk factors in males, hypertension was the mainly 'established' risk factor for cardiovascular disease followed by Angina and Myocardial infarction. Among non-established risk factors, CKD was the main risk factor in cardiovascular disease followed by cardiovascular accidents. ACE Inhibitors and BB are the drugs mainly used in cardiovascular diseases followed by statins and diuretics. This study throws light on the statistical evidence among the age group and gender risk factors, and drug utilization. In the course of this study use of drug pattern was as follows: Anticoagulants are used in (29%) patients, ACE in (22.5%) patients, Antiplatelets in (68%) patients, diuretic in (34%) patients, Statins in (57%) patients, BB in (67.5%) patients, PPI in (22%) patients, CCB in (19.5%) patients, Nitrates (26.5%) patients, OHA (25%) patients. Similar findings in other studies (Blessy Rachel Thomas) (26) on drug therapy usage were found. There is a need to assess both non-established and established risk factors among patients with established heart diseases as in this study, CKD and HTN were the most common peril and counsel patients about their risk factors and social habits and lifestyle changes. There is a need for a clinical pharmacist to counsel about lifestyle changes and assess drug therapy utilization patterns in cardiac patients.
Medical
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal; Zahra Rajabi; Moslem Papizadeh; Samaneh Amiri; Abbas Rahimi Foroushani; Ahmad Naser; Seyedeh Zohre Mirbagheri; Hossein Masoumi-Asl; Parisa Torabi; Mehrnaz Mirza Babaei
Abstract
The prevalence of antibiotic resistance has been demonstrated in various food-borne pathogens. Beta-lactam antibiotics are among the first-line antimicrobials that are normally administered in case of gastrointestinal infections. However, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and some other members of Enterobacteriaceae ...
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The prevalence of antibiotic resistance has been demonstrated in various food-borne pathogens. Beta-lactam antibiotics are among the first-line antimicrobials that are normally administered in case of gastrointestinal infections. However, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and some other members of Enterobacteriaceae have indicated broad resistance against such antibiotics thanks to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes. In this research, 216 stool samples have been screened for ESBL-producing E. coli, using phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility tests. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were further screened for the presence of antibiotic-resistance genes CTX-M, SHV, and TEM. Our isolation experiments resulted in 111 E. coli isolates among which 41 (36.9%) isolates were found as ESBL. Also, 51.2% of the above ESBL isolates harbored blaTEM. Furthermore, 18 (43.9%) and 2 (4.9%) of those ESBL isolates had blaCTX-M and blaSHV genes, respectively. Our results revealed a detectable prevalence of ESBL E. coli in stool samples collected during food outbreaks. Results of such researches can guide how to control the distribution of drug-resistant pathogens in various environments. In this line, the considerable prevalence of ESBL E. coli seems to have originated from the wide administration of various beta-lactam antibiotics.
Medical
Kamran Vosoo; Abdolazim Sarli; Yousef Yousefi; Sareh Khavand; Farasat Veisi
Abstract
Human papillomavirus(HPV) is a viral infection that usually causes growths on mucous membranes or skin (warts). It has been confirmed that there are more than 100 types of human papilloma-virus (HPV). Some types of HPV infections cause warts, and some of them may cause different types of cancer. One ...
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Human papillomavirus(HPV) is a viral infection that usually causes growths on mucous membranes or skin (warts). It has been confirmed that there are more than 100 types of human papilloma-virus (HPV). Some types of HPV infections cause warts, and some of them may cause different types of cancer. One of the most common ways of transmitting the HPV virus is unprotected sex, and this virus is the leading cause of cancers of the urinary and genital tracts. Cervical cancer is the fourth cause of cancer death in women, and more than 90% are associated with persistent infection by one of the most dangerous types of the virus. This research aimed to determine the genotypes of the HPV virus in DNA extracted from people suspected of being infected with HPV. In this cross-sectional epidemiological study, 225 cytology samples have been obtained from people suspected of being infected with the HPV virus, who had been referred to the Pardis laboratory of medical genetics of Dr. Abdolazim Sarli located in the Gonbad for diagnosis from 1401 to 1402. DNA extraction was done by CEDBIO kit and the determination of HPV virus genotypes was done by a GENOVA kit. The analysis of the data was done by Excel software. In this research, 225 samples have been studied. 106 women were positive while 118 women were negative. Furthermore, the most common high-risk genotypes were (16),(31,33,35,39,45,52,58,59,67) and (18) while the most common low-risk genotypes were (40,42,43,44,54,61,62,81,83,89) and (6,11). Moreover, the maximum age range of positive women is between 28 and 35. This study has demonstrated that the determining of dangerous genotypes is considered an essential measure in managing people infected with HPV, especially persistent infection and prevention of cervical cancer.
Biochemistry
Lifeng Meng; Ping Zhou; Weifeng Xu; Wei Bian; Yunxiao Lin; Ying Guan
Abstract
Gout is a complex and common form of arthritis which has brought great inconveniences to the normal lives of patients worldwide. However, the molecular basis of gouty arthritis is still incompletely understood, which has limited the identification of therapeutic targets. Here we show that the Smad ubiquitin ...
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Gout is a complex and common form of arthritis which has brought great inconveniences to the normal lives of patients worldwide. However, the molecular basis of gouty arthritis is still incompletely understood, which has limited the identification of therapeutic targets. Here we show that the Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1) is markedly lower in peripheral blood from human gouty arthritis patients. Smurf1 inhibitor A01 promoted mono-sodium urate (MSU) crystals-induced gouty arthritis. Mechanistic studies revealed that inhibition of Smurf1 promotes M1-like macrophage polarization through accelerating glycolysis, and the AMPK signaling pathway is involved in the regulatory role of Smurf1. In conclusion, Smurf1 acted as a suppressor in gouty arthritis, which might serve as a potential target for the therapies of gouty arthritis.
Medical
Mohammed Shaker Al-Awady; Besma Mohammed Ali
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases with high prevalence, mortality and morbidity characterized by prolonged high blood glucose concentrations resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. This study aimed to assess the role of vitamin D supplementation in glycemic ...
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Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases with high prevalence, mortality and morbidity characterized by prolonged high blood glucose concentrations resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. This study aimed to assess the role of vitamin D supplementation in glycemic control in uncontrolled type 1 diabetes with vitamin D deficiency. It is a prospective study between 1st of October 2022 to 31st of July 2023, where ninety patients (male: female ratio 1:1) with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes and vitamin D deficiency attended The Specialized Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes in Baghdad Government-Iraq, their ages between 5-18 years were followed for 10months to assess their Hemoglobin A1c (Hba1c) and serum calcium after correction of vitamin D level with therapeutic doses of vitamin D. The findings of the study had shown that 41.1% of the patients had vitamin D insufficiency and 58.9% with deficiency regardless sex and age. All the obese children and 66.4% of the overweight had vitamin D deficiency with significant correlation with BMI (P<0.001). The severity of vitamin D was also related to duration of disease diagnoses (P<0.001). Good glycemic control occurs in patients with vitamin D levels>50ng/ml (P<0.01). In 14.5% of the patients after 6 months, their vitamin D levels again became deficient, so re-check was needed after 6 months from the end of the loading therapy. Vitamin D deficiency among the patients of diabetes mellitus type 1 was high and was closely related to glycemic control. The level of vitamin D was negatively related to the body weight and the duration of the disease. Additionally, the findings of the study have demonstrated therapeutic dose of vitamin D has the potential to manage glucose levels.
DNA, RNA, protein components
Basak Yavuz; Ozge Caglar Cil; Akin Cayir
Abstract
It has been aimed to compare the level of cell-free nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, and miRNA) concentrations in laryngeal cancer patients with the control group composed of healthy individuals. It has been utilized 46 patients with laryngeal carcinoma who were previously diagnosed and treated were included ...
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It has been aimed to compare the level of cell-free nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, and miRNA) concentrations in laryngeal cancer patients with the control group composed of healthy individuals. It has been utilized 46 patients with laryngeal carcinoma who were previously diagnosed and treated were included and 46 healthy individuals were included as a control group. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from all participants. DNA, RNA, and miRNA were fluorometrically measured. We applied Mann Whitney U test to compare both groups and the adjusted general lineal model to identify associations between nucleic acid concentrations and tumor stages. Circulating cell-free microRNA and RNA concentrations in the laryngeal cancer patients were significantly different (p<0.05). Most importantly, tumor stages were the main factor that altered miRNA concentration in circulation. Our findings support that circulating cell-free miRNA and RNA have potential to be associated with laryngeal cancer. Finally, cell-free miRNAs can be used as a tool to predict different stages of laryngeal cancer.
Medical
Fatemeh Shamakhte; Elaha Tajbakhsh; Hassan Momtaz
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains circulating among populations and crossing borders constitute a major problem for health control and require a fast and simple genotypic approach. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, molecular types and drug resistance pattern of ...
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Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains circulating among populations and crossing borders constitute a major problem for health control and require a fast and simple genotypic approach. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, molecular types and drug resistance pattern of S. aureus isolated from Hospitalized Patients in teaching Hospitals of Ahvaz. this cross-sectional study was from April to September 2023, MRSA strains were identified by phenotypic and molecular methods. The antibiotics studied were), Cefoxitin (15 μg) Gentamicin (10 μg), Ciprofloxacin (5 μg), Erythromycin (15 μg), Clindamycin (2 μg), linzolide(10μg), azithromycin(5 μg). The tests were performed according to the guidelines of clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). It also detected the mecA gene of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains (MRSA). 470 Staphylococcus aureus samples from patients hospitalized in different departments of Ahvaz Hospitals included 283 blood culture samples, 75 wound samples, 72 body fluid samples and 40 catheter samples, and 321 (68.3%) MRSA isolates were reported. All these 321 MRSA isolates were tested with ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, linezolid, gentamicin, erythromycin, and azithromycin antibiotics. Also, the results of molecular identification of the mec A gene in 321 strains of S. aureus showed that 312 strains carry the mec A gene. The high prevalence of S. aureus samples can be caused by long-term hospitalization of patients in the ward and excessive use of antibiotics to treat the infection and increased resistance in isolates. As a result, more monitoring of the hospital's infection control department, as well as the expansion of the correct use of antibiotics, seems necessary and important.