DNA, RNA, protein components
Zahraa Khudhair Abbas-Al-Khafaji; Qassim hassan Aubais-aljelehawy
Abstract
Emerging antibiotic resistance in microorganisms particularly multidrug-resistant strains among bacteria are increasing because of misusing antibiotics as well as evolution of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. In this regard, Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the six most common multidrug-resistant microorganisms ...
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Emerging antibiotic resistance in microorganisms particularly multidrug-resistant strains among bacteria are increasing because of misusing antibiotics as well as evolution of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. In this regard, Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the six most common multidrug-resistant microorganisms in hospitals. Recently, carbapenems, as common antibiotics to treat infections of Acinetobacter have not an acceptable efficiency because of the resistance emergence to these antibiotics in many strains. In this study, resistant strains of A. baumannii were isolated and identified as an appropriate preventive strategy to reduce infections in hospitals. Disc diffusion test and PCR method were used to isolate of resistant strains and identify beta-lactamase genes of blaAmpC, blaTEM, blaVIM, and blaSHV. This study showed that these genes were contributed in antibiotic resistance with about 18.4% and ≥53.5% strains expressing all 4 genes and ≥3 genes, respectively. The blaAmpC gene is more prevalent than other genes, and this is probably due to the prevalence or rapid transfer of this beta-lactamase. However, more studies should be performed in a comparative way to isolate and identify other antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains relate to other hospitals.
Nano-Biotechnology
Mehran Alavi; Michael R. Hamblin; Ermia Aghaie; Seyed Ali Reza Mousavi; Mohammad Hajimolaali
Abstract
Up to one million secondary metabolites are found in plant species, some of which may have desirable therapeutic activities. Among these secondary metabolites, catechin, gallic acid, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate are natural phenolic compounds with promising antioxidant and antibacterial activity. However, ...
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Up to one million secondary metabolites are found in plant species, some of which may have desirable therapeutic activities. Among these secondary metabolites, catechin, gallic acid, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate are natural phenolic compounds with promising antioxidant and antibacterial activity. However, these compounds have disadvantages of poor solubility, low bioavailability in physiological conditions, and side effects in patients. Therefore new strategies could rely on formulations with other synthetic and natural materials. Nanoformulations of secondary metabolites could be new efficient strategies to treat many chronic bacterial infections. Combinations and conjugates of catechin, gallic acid, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate with various antibiotics could reduce the dose of these compounds, increase their antibacterial activity, and decrease cytotoxicity against healthy cells. For instance, a smart combination of two or more secondary metabolites may improve therapeutic applications in physiological conditions. In this regard, the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, specifically multidrug-resistant bacteria with overexpression of efflux pumps and expression of the penicillinase enzyme, has been inhibited significantly. According to recent investigations, this review will discuss the advances and challenges of new micro and nanoformulations of these natural products.
Bioinformatics
Ali Reza Mirzaei; Vida Shakoory-Moghadam
Abstract
Different groups of enzymes and regulatory elements are involved in the synthesis of Ribodioside A, which is one of the most important sweetening compounds in stevia. The UGT family (UDP-glycosyltransferase) is a group of regulatory genes that are very effective in converting steviol glycoside to Ribodioside ...
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Different groups of enzymes and regulatory elements are involved in the synthesis of Ribodioside A, which is one of the most important sweetening compounds in stevia. The UGT family (UDP-glycosyltransferase) is a group of regulatory genes that are very effective in converting steviol glycoside to Ribodioside A. Bioinformatics analyses on this gene family, which included the UGT74G1, UGT76G1, and UGT85C2 genes, showed that the protein encoded by these genes had a UDPGT protected protein domain. Also, the study of the secondary structure of these proteins showed that the total corrosion of these proteins is mainly from alpha-helix and random screws or loops that are connected with linear strands. Also, the study of the secondary structure of these proteins showed that the total corrosion of these proteins is mainly from alpha-helix and random screws or loops that are connected with linear strands. The results of studying the three-dimensional structure of the studied proteins confirmed the previous findings of high genomic similarity between these proteins. The results of the ProtScale program showed that the abundance of amino acids with negative hydropathicity in the sequence of these proteins is high, which is effective in creating plant resistance to drought stress. Finally, the codon preference trend of these proteins was investigated using the sequence manipulation suite database. This information can be used for other research, including the transfer of these proteins.
DNA, RNA, protein components
Shah Mansoor; Imran Ullah; Nisar Khan
Abstract
In Pakistan, Urinary tract infections (UTI) are increasing day by day. The study therefore was designed for isolation identification and antibiotic resistance assessment of UTI causing bacteria. Bacterial pathogens causing UTI in dogs and human are becoming more resistant to antibiotic use. To evaluate ...
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In Pakistan, Urinary tract infections (UTI) are increasing day by day. The study therefore was designed for isolation identification and antibiotic resistance assessment of UTI causing bacteria. Bacterial pathogens causing UTI in dogs and human are becoming more resistant to antibiotic use. To evaluate the diversity and antibiotic resistance of uropathogenic bacteria, a total of 80 urine samples were collected in sterile containers. A total of 15 urine samples were taken from each gender of human and dogs with UTIs and 5 from each gender of healthy human and dogs. Samples were cultured for isolation and confirmed by biochemical tests and their antibiotic resistance pattern was checked by Kirby baur disk diffusion test. Samples that were taken from UTI males, E.coli, Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp. and Staph aureus was isolated from 93%, 6.67%,20% and 53% processed samples whereas from UTI females E.coli, Proteus spp., klebsiella spp., and Staph aureus was isolated 100%,13%,33%and 40% of samples respectively. Similarly 60% Staph aureus was isolated from healthy males and females urine samples. While Samples that were taken from UTI dogs E.coli., Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., and Staph aureus was isolated from 66.7%, 6.67%, 33% and 26.6% of processed samples whereas Samples that were taken from bitches, E.coli., Proteus spp., klebsiella spp., and Staph aureus was isolated from 73%,13%,26.6% and 26.6% of samples respectively. In case of healthy dogs and bitches urine smalpes 60% and 80% of Staph aureus was isolated. Antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates E.coli, Proteus spp., klebsiella spp. and Staph aureus from human (male and female) samples showed resistance to ceftriaxone, Levofloxecine, and mild type of resistance to ofloxacin while sensitive to ciprofloxacin and sulfamethazole.The antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates E.coli, Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp. and Staph aureus from dogs and bitches samples showed high resistance to Lincomycin and kanamycin, and lower resistance to norfloxacin and doxycyclin while sensitive to ciprofloxacin, amoxaclin.
DNA, RNA, protein components
Nasim Almasian-Tehrani; Masoud Alebouyeh; Shahnaz Armin; Neda Soleimani; Leila Azimi; Roozbeh Shaker-Darabad
Abstract
The main purpose of microbial typing is to evaluate the relationships between microbial isolates. Microbial typing can use for identifying the source of infection by detecting a clonal link between the strains. Moreover, it can analyze outbreaks, antimicrobial-resistant strains, and evaluate the effectiveness ...
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The main purpose of microbial typing is to evaluate the relationships between microbial isolates. Microbial typing can use for identifying the source of infection by detecting a clonal link between the strains. Moreover, it can analyze outbreaks, antimicrobial-resistant strains, and evaluate the effectiveness of control measures so, the efficiency of monitoring systems would increase. HAIs can affect hospitalized patients in all age ranges with any clinical situation, and lead to death. Molecular epidemiology is useful to determine genetic relatedness between isolated pathogens from patients, and design proper prevention plans to prevent infection through the hospital and community. Nowadays, typing methods for a wide range of bacterial strains are known as essential epidemiological tools to prevent and control infections in hospitals and communities. Although basic typing methods were more focused on phenotypic techniques like antibiogram and serotyping, new methods are based on molecular techniques including PCR-based methods and sequencing-based methods. Due to the high frequency of methods, choosing the right one for research applications seems difficult and requires basic knowledge about all of them. In this review, we aim to introduce the most useful and practical molecular typing techniques. Also, their utilization, advantages, and disadvantages were compared.
Medical
Shahnam Azizi Dargahlou; Marcello Iriti; Mahin Pouresmaeil; Lucky Poh Wah Goh
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are, small (roughly 19–25 nucleotides in length), conserved, non-coding, single-stranded, and functional RNA molecules with the properties of gene expression regulation through mRNA degradation, translation repression, mRNA deadenylation as well as gene silencing via histone ...
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are, small (roughly 19–25 nucleotides in length), conserved, non-coding, single-stranded, and functional RNA molecules with the properties of gene expression regulation through mRNA degradation, translation repression, mRNA deadenylation as well as gene silencing via histone methylation. They even have the ability to increase gene expression levels. The biogenesis of miRNAs is divided into two canonical and non-canonical pathways. The second pathway has a divergent mechanism for the biogenesis of miRNAs. miRNAs can be transcribed from specific genes or introns of protein-coding genes. A single miRNA species can control the expression of hundreds of genes, and also one gene can be the target of different miRNAs. These molecules have been identified in eukaryotic organisms such as mammals and plants and even in viruses. miRNAs play an inevitable role in the life cycle of eukaryotic cells. They are involved in any biological processes such as the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, signaling, and defense responses through their spatio-temporal expression manner. Aberrant expression of miRNAs is involved in a large number of biological disorders, which illustrates their great potential to be applied in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. miRNA inhibitors (anti-miRs) and artificial miRNAs (miRNA mimics) are two general approaches to balance the dysregulated miRNA levels that make it possible to treat various biological disorders. In this study, in general, the biogenesis and the role of miRNAs, the origin of miRNAs, viral miRNAs, miRNA detection procedures, in silico miRNA analysis tools, miRNA-based therapies and their obstacles, and miRNAs as potential non-invasive biomarkers are discussed. Finally, it is stated the importance of dietary miRNAs.
Medical
Mehdi Doosti-Moghaddam; Hamid Reza Miri; Arezou Ghahghaei; Mohammad Reza Hajinezhad; Hadi Saboori
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. In this study, the effects of an unripe fruit extract of Momordica charantia on total cholesterol, total triglyceride and lipoproteins in the blood of mice with hyperlipidemia were investigated. In this study, 28 adult ...
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Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. In this study, the effects of an unripe fruit extract of Momordica charantia on total cholesterol, total triglyceride and lipoproteins in the blood of mice with hyperlipidemia were investigated. In this study, 28 adult male Wistar rats weighing 210 to 250 g were selected and randomly divided into four groups of seven. One group was on a normal diet and the other groups were fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks to develop hyperlipidemia. Experimental groups in this study were included group 1: control, oral administration of normal food without any drugs or extracts. Group 2: hyperlipidemia mice, feeding with normal food. Group 3: hyperlipidemia mice with a diet containing 4%. Group 4: hyperlipidemia mice with a diet containing 8%. The animals were fed by gavage at a dose of 4% and 8% of M. charantia powder solution for 15 days. Blood samples were taken and the level of total cholesterol, total triglyceride, and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) were measured enzymatically. The amount of low-density lipoproteins was calculated by Friedewald's formula. Data were analyzed using the analysis of variance. Experimental results showed that immature fruit powder of M. charantia quarantine significantly reduced serum triglycerides in group 8% mice fed rats fed a high-fat diet. Moreover, immature fruit powder of M. charantia increased the level of high-density lipoproteins. There was a statistically significant difference between the level of cholesterol and the level of low-density proteins (LDL). The highest reduction belonged to the group receiving immature powder. The results of the experiment showed that the unripe fruit extract of M. charantia has strong antilipidemic effects on rats fed with a high-fat diet.
Medical
Lester Raymundo Dominguez Huarcaya; María Fernanda Dominguez Ríos; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi; Zahra Rahimi
Abstract
At least in some individuals, the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) appears to be significantly influenced by neuroinflammation. Microglia, which are situated within the brain, represent a type of immune cell that exhibits the capability to transform into a reactive state in response to ...
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At least in some individuals, the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) appears to be significantly influenced by neuroinflammation. Microglia, which are situated within the brain, represent a type of immune cell that exhibits the capability to transform into a reactive state in response to inflammatory attacks. This unique ability substantiates the critical role microglia play in the initial stages of neuroinflammation. Empirical studies have revealed that microglia are proficient in discerning infections or damaged cells, thereby instigating a cytotoxic response that exacerbates the damage inflicted on brain cells. However, microglia display a wide range of reactions to injury and may potentially contribute to the process of recuperation and the reinstatement of impaired tissues. It is possible that changing the phenotype of microglia through the regulation of inflammatory pathways is essential in order to harness neuroinflammation in MDD. This study examines potential new treatment paths for modulating neuroinflammation in brain disorders by analyzing canonical proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic mechanisms in microglia. the primary focus is on the major depressive disorder (MDD), but will also discuss other brain diseases.
Gene Expression Studies
Qassim hassan Aubais aljelehawy; Layth Hussein Hadi Alshaibah; Zahraa Khudhair Abbas Al- Khafaji
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus contains numerous surface proteins called microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) that mediate binding to host tissues and initiate colonization leading to infection. Virulence genes such as enzymes, toxins, adhesin proteins, cell surface proteins ...
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Staphylococcus aureus contains numerous surface proteins called microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) that mediate binding to host tissues and initiate colonization leading to infection. Virulence genes such as enzymes, toxins, adhesin proteins, cell surface proteins play an important role in the pathogenicity of S. aureus strains. The distribution and prevalence of virulence genes vary among S. aureus strains in different regions. However, the highest frequency of virulence genes among S. aureus strains is related to toxin genes. There are many PCR methods for detecting these microorganisms such as conventional PCR, multiplex PCR, reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the presence of virulence genes among methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. In this study, multiplex PCR technique was applied to determine the presence of virulence genes among MRSA strains. Results showed the frequency of virulence genes among bacterial strains isolated from Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf teaching hospital. In addition, among the strains, hla gene with 91% frequency, exhibited the highest prevalence among pathogenic genes. Sea, mecA, clfB, femA, fnbB, tsst, hlb genes with 88%, 65%, 54%, 45%, 39%, 27% and 13% were in the next ranks, respectively. This investigation showed mecA is a gene found in bacterial cells that allows them to be resistant to antibiotics such as methicillin and other penicillin-like antibiotics.
Nano-Biotechnology
Mehran Alavi; Michael R. Hamblin; M. R. Mozafari; Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes; Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
Abstract
Bacterial infections can be caused by contamination of labile blood products with specific bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Hospital equipment, bio-protective equipment, delivery systems, and medical devices can be easily contaminated by microorganisms. Multidrug-resistant ...
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Bacterial infections can be caused by contamination of labile blood products with specific bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Hospital equipment, bio-protective equipment, delivery systems, and medical devices can be easily contaminated by microorganisms. Multidrug-resistant bacteria can survive on various organic or inorganic polymeric materials for more than 90 days. Inhibiting the growth and eradicating these microorganisms is vital in blood transfusion processes. Blood bags and other related medical devices can be improved by the incorporation of organic or inorganic nanomaterials, particularly silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles. The addition of solid organic or inorganic nanoparticles to synthetic polymers or biopolymers can provide new properties in addition to antimicrobial activity. Among these NPs, formulations composed of SiO2 nanoparticles and polymers have been shown to improve the mechanical and antimicrobial properties of catheters, prosthetic inserts, blood bags, and other medical devices SiO2 nanoparticles possess several advantages, including large-scale synthetic availability, simple one-pot synthesis methods, porous structure for loading antibacterial agents, good biocompatibility, and thermal stability. Plasticized polyvinyl chloride is the main polymer, which has been functionalized by these nanoparticles. In this review, we discuss the recent advances and challenges regarding the functionalization of polyvinyl chloride by SiO2 nanoparticles to hinder bacterial contaminations in blood products.
Nuclear function
Ebrahim Rahbar-Karbasdehi; Fatemeh Rahbar-Karbasdehi
Abstract
A type of viral pneumonia that broke out in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and new strains of it are spreading rapidly around the world, is called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The incidence of cardiovascular complications has increased both in the general population and in patients diagnosed ...
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A type of viral pneumonia that broke out in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and new strains of it are spreading rapidly around the world, is called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The incidence of cardiovascular complications has increased both in the general population and in patients diagnosed with the disease during the COVID-19 epidemic. One of the conditions is stress cardiomyopathy, which may be related to COVID-19. During the COVID-19 epidemic, stress cardiomyopathy may be present as a complication of acute infection or as an indirect consequence of quarantine. These conditions have created complications in patient care that have led to increased adverse outcomes, hospitalization, and medical costs. Stress cardiomyopathy is caused by various emotional and physical stressors such as anger, sadness, happiness, surgery, multiple medications, general anesthesia, and infectious diseases. The outbreak of the new coronavirus has posed an ongoing challenge for these patients with several medical and economic consequences. Providing useful information on stress and COVID-19 to people with heart disease and their families can be very important, and also, education and psychotherapy of heart patients can reduce the number of hospitalization and their complications.
Medical
Ali Reza Arabestanino; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; Arman Ai; Bita Dinarvand
Abstract
Abnormalities of several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been identified in carcinomas during the last decade and of pathological warfare and physiological traits, and multiple genetic changes have been demonstrated in individual carcinomas. We conducted a systematic review of studies enrolling ...
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Abnormalities of several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been identified in carcinomas during the last decade and of pathological warfare and physiological traits, and multiple genetic changes have been demonstrated in individual carcinomas. We conducted a systematic review of studies enrolling adolescents and adults with Carcinoma, every type in which a cancer intervention was randomized, or all study designs in which there was a primary or secondary outcome. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews from 1990 to June 2015. Two reviewers evaluated study eligibility and abstracted data. In total, 67 studies were included and consisted of 62 randomized trials, reviews, and 5 studies. None of the studies (0/81) provided a definition. Only one randomized trial provided a definition. We were unable to identify any definitions used in studies of adolescents and adults with Carcinoma. Given that a proportion of this population may receive intensive treatment, there is an urgent need for consensus-based definitions of use across trials and review systematic & and meta-analysis.
Medical
Naghmana Kanwal; Othman Rashid Al Samarrai; Haider Majid Haider Al-Zaidi; Ali Reza Mirzaei; Mohammad Javad Heidari
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the RNA level. MicroRNAs have positive regulatory effects on protein translation processes and often induce their performance by binding to the 3'-UTR mRNA region. Also, microRNAs are involved in various cellular ...
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MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the RNA level. MicroRNAs have positive regulatory effects on protein translation processes and often induce their performance by binding to the 3'-UTR mRNA region. Also, microRNAs are involved in various cellular processes, including development, cell division, cell signaling, and cell growth, and generally play an effective role in the cell cycle and control of physiological processes and cell pathology. Several studies confirm that microRNAs play an important role in the initiation and progression of cancer, and many of them act as oncogenes and tumor suppressors. On the other hand, microRNAs are important stimulating factors that can act as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of various types of cancer, and in many cases, the occurrence of mutations in microRNAs and open-reading templates can lead to cancer. MicroRNAs also play an effective role in regulating gene expression. Biological studies have shown that about 30% of all genes and the majority of genetic pathways are regulated by microRNAs. In general, microRNAs and their target molecules are potential biological goals for primary screening, targeted treatment, and pharmaceutical resistance, and identifying them provides a clear prospect for a better understanding of the pathways leading to cancer.
Cell, Organ and Tissue Culture
Khadije Saravani; Mahdi Afshari; Alireza Aminisefat; Omid Bameri
Abstract
Changes in blood sugar in poisoning can be one of the most important determinants of the outcome of patients with poisoning. Since poisoning is one of the most common and increasing causes of death worldwide and one of the most critical medical emergencies, this study aimed to investigate changes in ...
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Changes in blood sugar in poisoning can be one of the most important determinants of the outcome of patients with poisoning. Since poisoning is one of the most common and increasing causes of death worldwide and one of the most critical medical emergencies, this study aimed to investigate changes in blood sugar in patients with acute poisoning and how patients' blood sugar can predict the severity and outcome of the disease. The present study was performed on 200 patients with acute drug poisoning referred to the emergency department of Amir Al-Momenin Hospital in Zabol from March 2018 to March 2020. Blood glucose levels of all patients were recorded at the time of admission and every hour to the first 5 hours after admission, and the results were entered in the information form of each patient. Finally, the data were entered into SPSS V22 software and statistically analyzed. The mean age of participants was 23.21 ± 12.80 years, and the minimum and maximum age of patients were 1 year and 77 years, respectively, and only 9.8% of them had a history of diabetes. In this study, the highest rate of intoxication with opioids such as methadone and tramadol was (38%), followed by benzodiazepines (20.5%), NSAIDs (19.5%), and SSRIs (7%) were the most commonly used drugs. The prevalence of hypoglycemia in this study was 3% (6 patients), while no cases of hyperglycemia were reported. In this study, most changes in blood sugar were caused by alcohol poisoning. Also, neuroleptics, NSAIDs, and chemicals had the least changes in blood sugar. However, patients' blood sugar at the beginning of poisoning did not affect patients' prognosis. The present study results showed that changes in blood sugar during treatment during drug intoxication, alcohol, medications(sulfonylurea, glibenclamide), and NSAID are very important, so regular monitoring of blood glucose in intoxication with these cases is essential.
Medical
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi; Hoda Sabati
Abstract
NCP (new coronavirus pneumonia) was discovered in Wuhan towards the end of 2019 and quickly spread throughout the city. The infection was identified as a novel coronavirus, and the World Health Organization (WHO) called it coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Most people with this infection can experience ...
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NCP (new coronavirus pneumonia) was discovered in Wuhan towards the end of 2019 and quickly spread throughout the city. The infection was identified as a novel coronavirus, and the World Health Organization (WHO) called it coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Most people with this infection can experience mild to severe and even fatal symptoms after a period of disease incubation of 4 to 14 days. In up to 10% of patients, gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and diarrhea, as well as associated abdominal discomfort, may occur before respiratory symptoms. Several SARS-CoV-2 variations have been identified during the epidemic, however, only a handful are deemed variants of concern (VOCs) by the WHO due to their worldwide public health effect. In this article, we looked at new mutations in COVID-19 as well as the adverse effects of the virus on the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal tract. The discovery of these novel SARS-CoV-2 variations threatens to undo the substantial success made so far in restricting the spread of this viral disease, despite the extraordinary speed with which vaccines against COVID-19 have been developed and vigorous worldwide mass immunization efforts. Through mechanisms involving the dysregulated ACE 2 receptor and TMPRSS2, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has the potential to induce significant systemic disease in the GI tract, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. Due to the observation of new and daily mutations of this dangerous virus, the definitive treatment of this disease is becoming more and more difficult and facing major challenges that it requires many clinical trials and researches.
Medical
Khadije Saravani; Zahra Mirsarzai; Monireh Sekhavati
Abstract
A cerebral aneurysm is an abnormal bulge in the cerebral artery that spreads where the blood vessel wall has weakened. Cerebral aneurysms may allow blood to leak into the subcutaneous space around the brain and cause damage to brain cells. Brain aneurysms can also be ruptured and can lead to serious ...
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A cerebral aneurysm is an abnormal bulge in the cerebral artery that spreads where the blood vessel wall has weakened. Cerebral aneurysms may allow blood to leak into the subcutaneous space around the brain and cause damage to brain cells. Brain aneurysms can also be ruptured and can lead to serious and possibly fatal strokes. A cerebral aneurysm is known as swelling of a blood vessel in the brain. In the definition of these conditions, it is said that it looks like a hanging berry from a stem. In cases where most aneurysms do not rupture or cause health problems, samples that experience such conditions cause bleeding in the brain - hemorrhagic stroke. Intracranial hemorrhages have attracted much attention because of the increasing role of indirect maternal mortality and the importance of rapid diagnosis and treatment in reducing mortality, and since in many cases, they occur due to brain vascular aneurysm. The topic is also essential. When faced with an aneurysm in a pregnant woman, the decision about pregnancy, termination and termination is based on the indications of midwifery and decision-making about the diagnosis and treatment of aneurysm based on neurosurgical indications.
Medical
Xiaolei Li; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the value of red blood cell distribution width (RDW), prealbumin (PA), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. There was 500 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, 250 polyps of colorectal ...
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This study was designed to investigate the value of red blood cell distribution width (RDW), prealbumin (PA), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. There was 500 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, 250 polyps of colorectal patients, and 250 healthy volunteers performed to complete blood counts with automated differential counts. The differences in RDW, PA, PLR, and CEA among the three groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). RDW, PA, PLR, CEA, and RDW+PA+PLR+CEA all had a high accuracy rate for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. RDW, PA, PLR, CEA, and RDW+PA+PLR+CEA were divided into high-expression groups and low-expression groups according to ROC cut-off values. Age was statistically different between the high and low groups in RDW, PA, and CEA. M staging was statistically different between high and low groups in CEA, and PLR. T staging was statistically different between high and low groups in PA, CEA, PLR, and RDW+PA+CEA+ PLR. N staging and blood vessel invasion were statistically different between the high and low groups in CEA. TNM staging was statistically different between high and low groups in PA, CEA, PLR, and RDW+PA+CEA+PLR. Perineural invasion was statistically different between the high and low groups in PA and CEA. The number of lymph node metastases was significantly and positively correlated with CEA. CEA and PLR were independent risk factors for the TNM staging. And they had good diagnostic efficacy for the TNM staging of colorectal cancer.
Medical
Khadije Saravani; Pouya Ostadrahimi; Atena Jahanifard
Abstract
Thalassemia major is the most common hemolytic anemia in Iran and the world that causes an increase in complications in patients, one of the most important of which is liver complications. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the level of liver enzymes and their relationship with ferritin and the ...
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Thalassemia major is the most common hemolytic anemia in Iran and the world that causes an increase in complications in patients, one of the most important of which is liver complications. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the level of liver enzymes and their relationship with ferritin and the frequency of blood transfusions in patients with thalassemia. This study was performed on 73 patients with thalassemia major. Demographic, clinical and laboratory information were recorded from the medical files. Data were analysed using SPSS version 22 software. Our study showed significant increasing trend in the AST, ALT and ALP levels in thalassemic patients. However, these changes were not statistically significant amount patients with different frequencies of blood transfusion (p>0.05). Among liver enzymes, just AST and ALT had significant correlations with serum ferritin (p<0.001). In addition, serum ferritin levels of more than 1625 mg/dl could predict the abnormal liver enzymes with the highest sensitivity (59%) and specificity (100%) when considering ALT and AST levels as diagnostic measures for liver problems. Due to the high prevalence of liver damage in thalassemia patients, serum ferritin in combination with the other factors can be applied as a suitable index for assessment of the liver function.
Medical
Leli Rezaie-Kahkhaie; Khadije Saravani; Khadije Rezaie-Keikhaie; Seyed Esmaeil Azimi-Khatibani; Abdul Hafiz Daman-Sooz; Mehdi Afshari; Atefeh kamali
Abstract
Today, due to the increase in life expectancy in HIV-infected patients, the incidence of related diseases such as hepatitis B and C due to similarity in transmission routes has become a major concern of the health community. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis ...
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Today, due to the increase in life expectancy in HIV-infected patients, the incidence of related diseases such as hepatitis B and C due to similarity in transmission routes has become a major concern of the health community. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B among HIV + patients in Zabol. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 37 HIV-infected patients in Zabol city (2021-2022). In the present study, HIV-infected patients were screened for hepatitis B by measuring serum levels of HBC Ab and HBs Ag. Finally, the data in SPSS V21 software were analyzed. In the present study, a total of 37 HIV-infected patients with a mean age of 40.81- 11.64 years were evaluated. The present study's prevalence of HIV and HCV co-infection was 21.6%. Also, 13.5% of HIV patients had HBV and HCV simultaneously. Examination of risk factors for viral hepatitis in HIV-infected patients showed that unprotected sex (100%), injecting drug use or IDU (87.5%), dental procedures (75%), history of imprisonment (62.5%) and tattooing (50.5%) were the most common factors in HIV patients. Family history of hepatitis B (12.5%), alcohol (12.5%), transfusion (12.5%) and cupping (25%) were among the lowest cases in these patients. the frequency of HBV infection and co-infection with HCV and HBV in HIV-positive patients were relatively high. Except for the history of tattoos, there is no significant relationship between other risk factors and hepatitis B among HIV-positive patients.
Medical
Neeli Sumanth; Paspula Soumya; Asma Tabassum; Pothuganti Mamatha; Gunti Yamini; Kodhiripaka Meghamala; Ganganamoni Pravalika
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence, co-morbidities, pharmacological therapy, and effectiveness of common lifestyle changes for metabolic dysfunction in women with the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and related comorbidities in the gynaecology division. This 6-month prospective ...
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The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence, co-morbidities, pharmacological therapy, and effectiveness of common lifestyle changes for metabolic dysfunction in women with the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and related comorbidities in the gynaecology division. This 6-month prospective observational study of 120 PCOS patients who were gynaecology patients at a tertiary care hospital was conducted from September 2021 to February 2022. An interview with the patient was done using an assessment form. This study highlighted the supportive evidence among PCOS patients for the advantages of changing one's lifestyle. This study involved 90 PCOS individuals out of a total of 120 participants, many of them were in the 20–30 age group. This research analyses the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease co-morbidities and demonstrates that a high BMI is the most common risk factor for PCOS. The findings of our study indicate the necessity of evaluating the complications seen in individuals who are at risk, such as infertility. This line of research demonstrates the critical impact that medication and lifestyle modifications play in managing PCOS. Patients with the polycystic ovarian syndrome should get advice regarding lifestyle modifications from a clinical pharmacist.
Application of medicinal plants in medicine
Shirin Ahmadi
Abstract
Systemic bacterial and fungal infections in recent years due to the increasing number of debilitating diseases immune system such as AIDS, blood malignancies, overdose, corticosteroid drugs, and broad-spectrum antibiotics has been raised. There is a prevalence of acute and subsequent candida infections ...
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Systemic bacterial and fungal infections in recent years due to the increasing number of debilitating diseases immune system such as AIDS, blood malignancies, overdose, corticosteroid drugs, and broad-spectrum antibiotics has been raised. There is a prevalence of acute and subsequent candida infections with drug-resistance properties such as fluconazole. Due to the prevalence and spread of fungal and bacterial diseases, the effort to find treatments has increased more than before. The use of plant compounds for the therapy of fungal and bacterial diseases is effective due to their unique biocompatible and bioavailable. The trend toward new antifungal and antibacterial agents being introduced to the market remains small, while resistance to many antibiotics is emerging, especially in patients receiving long-term treatment. Considering the enormous antimicrobial potentials of natural compounds isolated from plants and endophytes and screening of new antibiotics for various pharmaceutical applications as an alternative source remains largely unknown. Endophytes and medicinal plant species have main primary and secondary metabolites suitable to hindrance or inactivation of pathogens. Recently, various studies about the antibacterial and antifungal activities of these metabolites have been reported. For this purpose, in this review, antibacterial and antifungal activities of endophytes of Pestalotiopsis genus and medicinal plant species of Zingiber and Hydnora genera have been discussed according to recent studies.
Biochemistry
Shatha Qassim Jawad; Eaman A. AL-Rubaee; Israa A. Ali
Abstract
Autism is a very common problem in childhood, especially in boys, and no marker or special test for helping early diagnosis. Androgen, vasopressin and apelin levels are neuropeptides that have been included in a wide range of functions of the brain and the abnormal levels detected and studied in many ...
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Autism is a very common problem in childhood, especially in boys, and no marker or special test for helping early diagnosis. Androgen, vasopressin and apelin levels are neuropeptides that have been included in a wide range of functions of the brain and the abnormal levels detected and studied in many psychiatric disorders. Aimed to assess salivary levels of androgen, vasopressin and apelin in the autistic male mild and moderate divide in the first and second groups according to age (6-10 and 10- 13 years old) and compared to the normal boys group. Forty-five autistic boys mild and moderate in two groups according to age (6-10 and 10-13years old) were diagnosed early by the specialist child psychiatrist, and 45 healthy normal children were free of neurological and psychiatric disorders were enrolled in this study, saliva samples were gathered, and send for those hormones levels examinations which measured by using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IELISA). Results were analyzed using a special statistic program (SPSS version 18). The mean salivary androgen level was significantly increased in the autistic group than that of the control, also it was found a highly significant increase of salivary androgen levels in the older age group between 6 to 10 years old than in the age group from 10 to 13 years. The mean vasopressin level in Saliva was decreased in the whole autistic group compared to the control, but there was a significant increase in the mean vasopressin level in the older age group 10-< years than in the younger age group. Mean salivary apelin level was a highly significant increase in autistic children compared to control and didn’t find statistically significant differences between the age groups of autistic children according to the apelin level in saliva. The levels of these hormones are altered in autistic boys than the normal behavior boys, there is a significant correlation (p<0.05)between vasopressin and androgen with simple linear regression.
Medical
Kolsoum Rezaie-Kahkhaie; Khadije Rezaie-Keikhaie; Leli Rezaie-Kahkhaie; Khadije Saravani; Atefeh kamali
Abstract
The DNA polymorphisms found in clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drive altered physiology, virulence, and pathogenesis in them. This study aimed to investigate the association between IL23R 1142 G/A (Arg381Gln) and GM-CSF 3928 C/T (Ile117Thr) gene polymorphisms with the incidence rate of ...
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The DNA polymorphisms found in clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drive altered physiology, virulence, and pathogenesis in them. This study aimed to investigate the association between IL23R 1142 G/A (Arg381Gln) and GM-CSF 3928 C/T (Ile117Thr) gene polymorphisms with the incidence rate of tuberculosis in the population of Sistan. This study was based on the descriptive and applied type. All patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis were referred to the tuberculosis center of Zabol city for one year, with an equal number of healthy people adapted to the patients examined in terms of age. After data collecting to compare the frequency of polymorphisms, the chi-square test and OR index were used using SPSS software version 16. We have found that the IL23R reduced-function allele 1142A and genotypes CC and TC were overrepresented, especially in the Pad subgroup compared with the control group (44% versus 42%, 21% versus 22%, and 44% versus 39%, respectively. Increased risks of TB with minimal/moderate lung involvement, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the reduced-function polymorphism 1142G ¡ A encoded by IL23R influences the outcome of disease severity of active pulmonary TB in ZABOL patients. The genotypic and allelic frequency of IL23R 1142 G/A, and GM-CSF 3928 C/T (Ile117Thr) polymorphism in patients with tuberculosis was significantly different from the control group and this polymorphism was associated with the incidence of tuberculosis in the population of Sistan.
Amruta P Kanakdande; Pallavi B Jadhav
Abstract
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common types of infection caused by the gastrointestinal tract of humans. UTI is the most common in women because a women''s urethra is shorter. In the present investigation, four UTI-causing bacteria were isolated on MacConkeys as well as on UTI ...
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Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common types of infection caused by the gastrointestinal tract of humans. UTI is the most common in women because a women''s urethra is shorter. In the present investigation, four UTI-causing bacteria were isolated on MacConkeys as well as on UTI agar media which is selective for UTI pathogens only. The isolated bacteria were tested for antibiotic resistance towards the selective antibiotics Ampicillin (10µg), Penicillin (10µg), and Chloramphenicol (30µg). Based on antibiotic resistance and morbific nature, the organism was screened. On the basis of morphological, biochemical characteristics and the 16S r-RNA sequencing method the organism was identified as Kosakonia cowanii. The nucleotide sequence was deposited to NCBI and received a unique accession number (OQ 073698). The anti-UTI activity was performed towards selective medicinal herbs by using ethanol, methanol and water as solvent extraction methods. The Embilica officinalis ethanolic extract (1 mg/ml) and standard antibiotic chloramphenicol showed 1.8 mm zone of inhibition against K. cowanii (OQ 073698). From the present study, it is concluded that E. officinalis ethanolic extract was effective to treat UTI infection. Another core finding from the present study includes - an isolated pathogen that was earlier resistant to ampicillin but when combines with E. officinalis and Boerhavia diffusa ethanolic extracts separately showed 2.0 mm zone of inhibition.
Medical
Ismail Muhammad; Bala Abubakar; Tanko Mahmoud Muhammad
Abstract
Human beings are sometime expose to the same to predisposing factors of a given infectious disease, but the outcome in terms of disease manifestation differs greatly. This variation is mainly attributed to the genetic makeup of such individuals; this is because human genetic has long been associated ...
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Human beings are sometime expose to the same to predisposing factors of a given infectious disease, but the outcome in terms of disease manifestation differs greatly. This variation is mainly attributed to the genetic makeup of such individuals; this is because human genetic has long been associated with the variation in susceptibility to various infectious diseases, which is termed as genetic resistance. Therefore the aim of this paper was to review the state of knowledge on genetic resistance associated with malaria infection. Genetic resistance to malaria can be describe as an inherited alteration or changes in the genetic material of humans specifically DNA molecule and other vital biomolecules which increases the chances of resistance to malaria and thus, result in an increased survival of individuals with those genetic alterations. In addition such changes also affect the general wellbeing and survival of the parasite to the extent that the parasite cannot even multiply or replicate itself while in such infected erythrocyte. This is because such alteration in the DNA molecule interferes with some of the vital chemical and biochemical processes of the parasite (Plasmodim spp). Therefore, several genetic disorders and or trait which include: Sickle cell disease, Glocose-6-Phosphatedehyrogenase deficiency, Pyruvate Kinase deficiency, Duffy antigen, Ovalocytocytosis, Thalassemia and ABO blood group are known to offer special protection against malaria disease in individuals who possessed at least one of such disorders or trait.
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