TY - JOUR ID - 162043 TI - MicroRNAs; their therapeutic and biomarker properties JO - Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports JA - CMBR LA - en SN - AU - Azizi Dargahlou, Shahnam AU - Iriti, Marcello AU - Pouresmaeil, Mahin AU - Goh, Lucky Poh Wah AD - Department of Biotechnology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran AD - Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Milan State University, Milan, Italy AD - Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia Y1 - 2023 PY - 2023 VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 73 EP - 88 KW - Dietary miRNA KW - MicroRNA KW - Mitrons KW - miRNA biogenesis KW - miRNA-based therapies KW - miRNA mimics KW - miRNA inhibitors DO - 10.55705/cmbr.2022.365396.1085 N2 - MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are, small (roughly 19–25 nucleotides in length), conserved, non-coding, single-stranded, and functional RNA molecules with the properties of gene expression regulation through mRNA degradation, translation repression, mRNA deadenylation as well as gene silencing via histone methylation. They even have the ability to increase gene expression levels. The biogenesis of miRNAs is divided into two canonical and non-canonical pathways. The second pathway has a divergent mechanism for the biogenesis of miRNAs. miRNAs can be transcribed from specific genes or introns of protein-coding genes. A single miRNA species can control the expression of hundreds of genes, and also one gene can be the target of different miRNAs. These molecules have been identified in eukaryotic organisms such as mammals and plants and even in viruses. miRNAs play an inevitable role in the life cycle of eukaryotic cells. They are involved in any biological processes such as the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, signaling, and defense responses through their spatio-temporal expression manner. Aberrant expression of miRNAs is involved in a large number of biological disorders, which illustrates their great potential to be applied in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. miRNA inhibitors (anti-miRs) and artificial miRNAs (miRNA mimics) are two general approaches to balance the dysregulated miRNA levels that make it possible to treat various biological disorders. In this study, in general, the biogenesis and the role of miRNAs, the origin of miRNAs, viral miRNAs, miRNA detection procedures, in silico miRNA analysis tools, miRNA-based therapies and their obstacles, and miRNAs as potential non-invasive biomarkers are discussed. Finally, it is stated the importance of dietary miRNAs.  UR - https://www.cmbr-journal.com/article_162043.html L1 - https://www.cmbr-journal.com/article_162043_a84ea261de3071581476f9328646a2f4.pdf ER -