Medical
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal; Zahra Rajabi; Moslem Papizadeh; Samaneh Amiri; Abbas Rahimi Foroushani; Ahmad Naser; Seyedeh Zohre Mirbagheri; Hossein Masoumi-Asl; Parisa Torabi; Mehrnaz Mirza Babaei
Abstract
The prevalence of antibiotic resistance has been demonstrated in various food-borne pathogens. Beta-lactam antibiotics are among the first-line antimicrobials that are normally administered in case of gastrointestinal infections. However, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and some other members of Enterobacteriaceae ...
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The prevalence of antibiotic resistance has been demonstrated in various food-borne pathogens. Beta-lactam antibiotics are among the first-line antimicrobials that are normally administered in case of gastrointestinal infections. However, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and some other members of Enterobacteriaceae have indicated broad resistance against such antibiotics thanks to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes. In this research, 216 stool samples have been screened for ESBL-producing E. coli, using phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility tests. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were further screened for the presence of antibiotic-resistance genes CTX-M, SHV, and TEM. Our isolation experiments resulted in 111 E. coli isolates among which 41 (36.9%) isolates were found as ESBL. Also, 51.2% of the above ESBL isolates harbored blaTEM. Furthermore, 18 (43.9%) and 2 (4.9%) of those ESBL isolates had blaCTX-M and blaSHV genes, respectively. Our results revealed a detectable prevalence of ESBL E. coli in stool samples collected during food outbreaks. Results of such researches can guide how to control the distribution of drug-resistant pathogens in various environments. In this line, the considerable prevalence of ESBL E. coli seems to have originated from the wide administration of various beta-lactam antibiotics.
Medical
Fatemeh Shamakhte; Elaha Tajbakhsh; Hassan Momtaz
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains circulating among populations and crossing borders constitute a major problem for health control and require a fast and simple genotypic approach. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, molecular types and drug resistance pattern of ...
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Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains circulating among populations and crossing borders constitute a major problem for health control and require a fast and simple genotypic approach. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, molecular types and drug resistance pattern of S. aureus isolated from Hospitalized Patients in teaching Hospitals of Ahvaz. this cross-sectional study was from April to September 2023, MRSA strains were identified by phenotypic and molecular methods. The antibiotics studied were), Cefoxitin (15 μg) Gentamicin (10 μg), Ciprofloxacin (5 μg), Erythromycin (15 μg), Clindamycin (2 μg), linzolide(10μg), azithromycin(5 μg). The tests were performed according to the guidelines of clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). It also detected the mecA gene of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains (MRSA). 470 Staphylococcus aureus samples from patients hospitalized in different departments of Ahvaz Hospitals included 283 blood culture samples, 75 wound samples, 72 body fluid samples and 40 catheter samples, and 321 (68.3%) MRSA isolates were reported. All these 321 MRSA isolates were tested with ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, linezolid, gentamicin, erythromycin, and azithromycin antibiotics. Also, the results of molecular identification of the mec A gene in 321 strains of S. aureus showed that 312 strains carry the mec A gene. The high prevalence of S. aureus samples can be caused by long-term hospitalization of patients in the ward and excessive use of antibiotics to treat the infection and increased resistance in isolates. As a result, more monitoring of the hospital's infection control department, as well as the expansion of the correct use of antibiotics, seems necessary and important.
Medical
Zahra Yekanipour; Hamed Afkhami; Parya Amini; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi; Zahra Rafiei Atani; Kianoosh Dadashzadeh
Abstract
The necessity of using ozonated oil and water for treating infections such as gonorrhea and meningitis which their treatment by common antibiotics is sometimes difficult and it is becoming more apparent every day. In this study, the antibacterial effect of ozonated oil and water against Neisseria ...
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The necessity of using ozonated oil and water for treating infections such as gonorrhea and meningitis which their treatment by common antibiotics is sometimes difficult and it is becoming more apparent every day. In this study, the antibacterial effect of ozonated oil and water against Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) and N. meningitidis were investigated using Broth microdilution methods at zero, 24 and 48 hours after incubation at 37°C. The results were determined by culturing bacteria on their specific culture medium and using an ELISA reader to determine minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC, respectively). The results showed that ozonated oil with PI=500 had an expressive effect on N. meningitidis. The concentration of 0.09PI was determined as MIC and the concentration of 0.19PI was determined as MBC. The ozonated oil with PI=1000 had an expressive effect on N. gonorrhoeae. The concentration of 3.12 PI was determined as MIC and the concentration of 6.25 PI was determined as MBC. Ozonated water containing 2.5 mg/L of ozone had no significant antimicrobial effect on the studied bacterial species. The results of this study showed that ozonation of oil may improve its chemical properties. In addition, by increasing the incubation time to 24 hours, ozonated oil showed a favorable antibacterial effect against N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis.
Medical
Sara Amini; Amir Hossein Omidi; Hamed Afkhami; Hoda Sabati; Amin Mohsenzadeh; Atyieh Soleymani; Mohammad Ali Zonobian; Negin Ghanbarnejad; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common infectious bacterial species and one of the agents of community-acquired infections (CAIs) and hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Aminoglycosides are potent antibactericidal agents often used together with Beta Lactams or Glycopeptides, especially in ...
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Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common infectious bacterial species and one of the agents of community-acquired infections (CAIs) and hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Aminoglycosides are potent antibactericidal agents often used together with Beta Lactams or Glycopeptides, especially in treating Staphylococcal endocarditis. The present research aimed to determine the frequency of the aac (6 ́)-le-aph (2 ́ ́) gene that encodes Aminoglycoside modifying enzymes using PCR on clinical isolates of S. aureus. 115 clinical isolates of S. aureus were collected at educational hospitals in Karaj during 12 months. They were first identified by using standard biochemical and laboratory methods and, following CLSI principles and procedures, antibiotic sensitivity patterns of all isolates were obtained using the disc diffusion method. Moreover, using agar dilution, the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using the antibiotic powder Gentamycin. Finally, gene frequency was measured by employing PCR. The highest levels of resistance to Aminoglycosides were observed in Kanamycin (47.8%), Gentamycin (46.9%), and Tobramycin (46.9%), and Doxycycline and Ciprofloxacin with 50.4 and 49.5 percent respectively, were the non-Aminoglycoside antibiotics to which the highest levels of resistance were exhibited. The frequency of the aac (6 ́)-le-aph (2 ́ ́) gene was 39.1 percent. Rapid and timely detection of resistant strains seems to be necessary in selecting suitable treatment options and in preventing the spread of resistance. Furthermore, rapid identification of genes that encode AME enzymes using PCR enjoys special advantages such as high levels of precision and speed.
Medical
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal; Zahra Rajabi; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi; Arezoo Bagheri Sadegi
Abstract
Foodborne diseases are a global problem that is spreading day by day. These diseases are one of the most common causes of death in children and the elderly. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of water and foodborne diseases in Kurdistan province for six months from April to September ...
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Foodborne diseases are a global problem that is spreading day by day. These diseases are one of the most common causes of death in children and the elderly. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of water and foodborne diseases in Kurdistan province for six months from April to September 2022. Stool samples from patients were collected in the laboratory in a special container containing 10% formalin preservative. 134 stool samples from 28 food outbreaks from Kurdistan province were analyzed for the type of infected bacteria. The research results were analyzed in SPSS-19 software. Among the 28 outbreaks in Kurdistan province during the two seasons of spring and summer, the highest number of outbreaks was in the summer season with 20 and then in the spring season with 8 outbreaks. The dominant age group was children under 10 years (%21) old and people between 20-30 years old, and the dominant gender group was men. The most common clinical symptoms were nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhea and non-bloody diarrhea. It is important to know the type of bacteria that cause water and foodborne diseases in reducing outbreaks and treatment costs and applying necessary measures for control and prevention.
Medical
Reginaldo Gon De Lima-Neto; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
Abstract
Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a fungal disease, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, affecting mainly rural workers. It is characterized by chronic skin lesions that may vary from nodular, tumorous, verrucous or plaque type. Associated constitutional symptoms are rarely found. The histological ...
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Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a fungal disease, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, affecting mainly rural workers. It is characterized by chronic skin lesions that may vary from nodular, tumorous, verrucous or plaque type. Associated constitutional symptoms are rarely found. The histological presentation may yield a pathognomonic feature, the Medlar (sclerotic) bodies, in which a typical brown to black pigment is depicted, explaining “copper pennies” as its alias. In this article, the case of a 56-year-old woman in the countryside of Brazil is reported; whose main complaint was a chronic leg ulcer for the past 8 years. On the left leg, a large, partially ulcerated plaque lesion was found. Microbiological cultures were positive for the pathogen. Histological analysis demonstrated pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, lymphohistiocytic infiltrate and sclerotic bodies (“copper pennies”). CBM’s epidemiological panorama, once established uniquely by geographical distribution, is transitioning to a global health issue, influenced by immunosuppressive conditions, global warming and migration. This scenario demands CBM to be widely considered as a differential diagnosis and may represent a clinical challenge in regions whose professionals have little expertise in infectious tropical diseases.
Medical
Amir Hossein Omidi; Hoda Sabati; Sara Amini; Mohammad Ali Zonobian; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is gram-positive cocci, which is consistently one of the four causes of hospital infections. S. aureus is a member of the normal nasal and intestinal flora in 30-50% of the population. But this organism is carried in almost 90% of the clinical staff of hospitals. S. aureus is an ...
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Staphylococcus aureus is gram-positive cocci, which is consistently one of the four causes of hospital infections. S. aureus is a member of the normal nasal and intestinal flora in 30-50% of the population. But this organism is carried in almost 90% of the clinical staff of hospitals. S. aureus is an important cause of a wide variety of infectious diseases in humans. This bacterium often causes infections such as endocarditis, bacteremia, and pneumonia. S. aureus species are typically resistant to a large number of drugs. These bacteria are able to sustain and grow properly in the hospital environment and are easily transmitted to people who have weak immune systems. So far, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has been limited to hospitals, but with the increase in skin and soft tissue infections and necrotizing pneumonia in younger patients, methicillin-resistant staphylococci in the community (CA-MRSA) has spread throughout the world.
Medical
Lester Raymundo Dominguez Huarcaya; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi; Maria Fernanda Dominguez Rios
Abstract
It is possible for the non-motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD), which include constipation, sleep difficulties, and olfactory impairments, to appear up to 20 years before the motor symptoms of the disease. There is a growing body of research that suggests the pathology of Parkinson's disease ...
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It is possible for the non-motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD), which include constipation, sleep difficulties, and olfactory impairments, to appear up to 20 years before the motor symptoms of the disease. There is a growing body of research that suggests the pathology of Parkinson's disease may begin in the gastrointestinal tract and progress to the brain. Numerous studies provide credence to the idea that the microbiota in one's gut communicates with one's brain in Parkinson's disease (PD) via way of the immune system, a certain amino acid metabolism, and the neurological system. Through what has become known as the "gut microbiota-brain axis" (GMBA), the gut microbiota is thought to play an important part in the modulation of several neurochemical pathways.In the process of mediating the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the physiology of the host, many of the metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, such as fatty acids, amino acids, and bile acids, carry signaling activities. In Parkinson's disease (PD), the quantity of amino acids and species-specific alterations of amino acids, such as glutamate and tryptophan, may interfere with the signaling transmission between nerve cells and disrupt the normal operation of the basal ganglia. Certain amino acids and the receptors that bind to them are being looked at as new possible targets for the treatment of PD. The purpose of the current investigation was to compile and analyze all of the evidence that is currently available on the gut microbiota-derived amino acid metabolic changes that are related with PD.
Medical
Fatemeh Shamakhteh; Suhaib Khalid Ibrahim; Morteza Saki; Sahar Taha Hatif
Abstract
One of the most significant harmful microorganisms is Staphylococcus aureus. Due to the rise in the resistance of this bacteria to antibiotics and the lengthening of hospitalized patients' treatments, one of the causes of infection and mortality among patients hospitalized in special care units of hospitals. ...
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One of the most significant harmful microorganisms is Staphylococcus aureus. Due to the rise in the resistance of this bacteria to antibiotics and the lengthening of hospitalized patients' treatments, one of the causes of infection and mortality among patients hospitalized in special care units of hospitals. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, samples of 113 S. aureus isolates were taken from patients who had spent 4 months in the special care units of Ahvaz teaching hospitals. These samples were then tested using antibiograms for oxacillin, cefoxitin, linezolid, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin, penicillin, and Antibiotic resistance was discovered, and the findings were evaluated against those of previous investigations. 51 (57.63%) of the 113 patient-isolated samples were female, while 62 (70.1%) were male. The oldest person was 89 years old and the youngest was 4 years old. Linezolid antibiotics were effective against every tested strain, although they were ineffective against 6 tested strains (6.31%), 4 tested strains (3.54%), and 1 tested strain (88%) isolated from wound urine. Vancomycin-resistant bacteria have been found. The findings of this study demonstrate that hospital strains of S. aureus are resistant to many antibiotics. Therefore, it is important to avoid prescribing and using available antibiotics unnecessarily. It is also advised to look at the evolution of antibiotic resistance in hospital infection management in order to stop the development of resistance to these antibiotics.
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