Medical
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal; Zahra Rajabi; Moslem Papizadeh; Samaneh Amiri; Abbas Rahimi Foroushani; Ahmad Naser; Seyedeh Zohre Mirbagheri; Hossein Masoumi-Asl; Parisa Torabi; Mehrnaz Mirza Babaei
Abstract
The prevalence of antibiotic resistance has been demonstrated in various food-borne pathogens. Beta-lactam antibiotics are among the first-line antimicrobials that are normally administered in case of gastrointestinal infections. However, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and some other members of Enterobacteriaceae ...
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The prevalence of antibiotic resistance has been demonstrated in various food-borne pathogens. Beta-lactam antibiotics are among the first-line antimicrobials that are normally administered in case of gastrointestinal infections. However, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and some other members of Enterobacteriaceae have indicated broad resistance against such antibiotics thanks to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes. In this research, 216 stool samples have been screened for ESBL-producing E. coli, using phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility tests. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were further screened for the presence of antibiotic-resistance genes CTX-M, SHV, and TEM. Our isolation experiments resulted in 111 E. coli isolates among which 41 (36.9%) isolates were found as ESBL. Also, 51.2% of the above ESBL isolates harbored blaTEM. Furthermore, 18 (43.9%) and 2 (4.9%) of those ESBL isolates had blaCTX-M and blaSHV genes, respectively. Our results revealed a detectable prevalence of ESBL E. coli in stool samples collected during food outbreaks. Results of such researches can guide how to control the distribution of drug-resistant pathogens in various environments. In this line, the considerable prevalence of ESBL E. coli seems to have originated from the wide administration of various beta-lactam antibiotics.
Medical
Kamran Vosoo; Abdolazim Sarli; Yousef Yousefi; Sareh Khavand; Farasat Veisi
Abstract
Human papillomavirus(HPV) is a viral infection that usually causes growths on mucous membranes or skin (warts). It has been confirmed that there are more than 100 types of human papilloma-virus (HPV). Some types of HPV infections cause warts, and some of them may cause different types of cancer. One ...
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Human papillomavirus(HPV) is a viral infection that usually causes growths on mucous membranes or skin (warts). It has been confirmed that there are more than 100 types of human papilloma-virus (HPV). Some types of HPV infections cause warts, and some of them may cause different types of cancer. One of the most common ways of transmitting the HPV virus is unprotected sex, and this virus is the leading cause of cancers of the urinary and genital tracts. Cervical cancer is the fourth cause of cancer death in women, and more than 90% are associated with persistent infection by one of the most dangerous types of the virus. This research aimed to determine the genotypes of the HPV virus in DNA extracted from people suspected of being infected with HPV. In this cross-sectional epidemiological study, 225 cytology samples have been obtained from people suspected of being infected with the HPV virus, who had been referred to the Pardis laboratory of medical genetics of Dr. Abdolazim Sarli located in the Gonbad for diagnosis from 1401 to 1402. DNA extraction was done by CEDBIO kit and the determination of HPV virus genotypes was done by a GENOVA kit. The analysis of the data was done by Excel software. In this research, 225 samples have been studied. 106 women were positive while 118 women were negative. Furthermore, the most common high-risk genotypes were (16),(31,33,35,39,45,52,58,59,67) and (18) while the most common low-risk genotypes were (40,42,43,44,54,61,62,81,83,89) and (6,11). Moreover, the maximum age range of positive women is between 28 and 35. This study has demonstrated that the determining of dangerous genotypes is considered an essential measure in managing people infected with HPV, especially persistent infection and prevention of cervical cancer.
Medical
Mohammed Shaker Al-Awady; Besma Mohammed Ali
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases with high prevalence, mortality and morbidity characterized by prolonged high blood glucose concentrations resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. This study aimed to assess the role of vitamin D supplementation in glycemic ...
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Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases with high prevalence, mortality and morbidity characterized by prolonged high blood glucose concentrations resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. This study aimed to assess the role of vitamin D supplementation in glycemic control in uncontrolled type 1 diabetes with vitamin D deficiency. It is a prospective study between 1st of October 2022 to 31st of July 2023, where ninety patients (male: female ratio 1:1) with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes and vitamin D deficiency attended The Specialized Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes in Baghdad Government-Iraq, their ages between 5-18 years were followed for 10months to assess their Hemoglobin A1c (Hba1c) and serum calcium after correction of vitamin D level with therapeutic doses of vitamin D. The findings of the study had shown that 41.1% of the patients had vitamin D insufficiency and 58.9% with deficiency regardless sex and age. All the obese children and 66.4% of the overweight had vitamin D deficiency with significant correlation with BMI (P<0.001). The severity of vitamin D was also related to duration of disease diagnoses (P<0.001). Good glycemic control occurs in patients with vitamin D levels>50ng/ml (P<0.01). In 14.5% of the patients after 6 months, their vitamin D levels again became deficient, so re-check was needed after 6 months from the end of the loading therapy. Vitamin D deficiency among the patients of diabetes mellitus type 1 was high and was closely related to glycemic control. The level of vitamin D was negatively related to the body weight and the duration of the disease. Additionally, the findings of the study have demonstrated therapeutic dose of vitamin D has the potential to manage glucose levels.
Medical
Fatemeh Shamakhte; Elaha Tajbakhsh; Hassan Momtaz
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains circulating among populations and crossing borders constitute a major problem for health control and require a fast and simple genotypic approach. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, molecular types and drug resistance pattern of ...
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Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains circulating among populations and crossing borders constitute a major problem for health control and require a fast and simple genotypic approach. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, molecular types and drug resistance pattern of S. aureus isolated from Hospitalized Patients in teaching Hospitals of Ahvaz. this cross-sectional study was from April to September 2023, MRSA strains were identified by phenotypic and molecular methods. The antibiotics studied were), Cefoxitin (15 μg) Gentamicin (10 μg), Ciprofloxacin (5 μg), Erythromycin (15 μg), Clindamycin (2 μg), linzolide(10μg), azithromycin(5 μg). The tests were performed according to the guidelines of clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). It also detected the mecA gene of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains (MRSA). 470 Staphylococcus aureus samples from patients hospitalized in different departments of Ahvaz Hospitals included 283 blood culture samples, 75 wound samples, 72 body fluid samples and 40 catheter samples, and 321 (68.3%) MRSA isolates were reported. All these 321 MRSA isolates were tested with ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, linezolid, gentamicin, erythromycin, and azithromycin antibiotics. Also, the results of molecular identification of the mec A gene in 321 strains of S. aureus showed that 312 strains carry the mec A gene. The high prevalence of S. aureus samples can be caused by long-term hospitalization of patients in the ward and excessive use of antibiotics to treat the infection and increased resistance in isolates. As a result, more monitoring of the hospital's infection control department, as well as the expansion of the correct use of antibiotics, seems necessary and important.
Medical
Zahra Yekanipour; Hamed Afkhami; Parya Amini; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi; Zahra Rafiei Atani; Kianoosh Dadashzadeh
Abstract
The necessity of using ozonated oil and water for treating infections such as gonorrhea and meningitis which their treatment by common antibiotics is sometimes difficult and it is becoming more apparent every day. In this study, the antibacterial effect of ozonated oil and water against Neisseria ...
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The necessity of using ozonated oil and water for treating infections such as gonorrhea and meningitis which their treatment by common antibiotics is sometimes difficult and it is becoming more apparent every day. In this study, the antibacterial effect of ozonated oil and water against Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) and N. meningitidis were investigated using Broth microdilution methods at zero, 24 and 48 hours after incubation at 37°C. The results were determined by culturing bacteria on their specific culture medium and using an ELISA reader to determine minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC, respectively). The results showed that ozonated oil with PI=500 had an expressive effect on N. meningitidis. The concentration of 0.09PI was determined as MIC and the concentration of 0.19PI was determined as MBC. The ozonated oil with PI=1000 had an expressive effect on N. gonorrhoeae. The concentration of 3.12 PI was determined as MIC and the concentration of 6.25 PI was determined as MBC. Ozonated water containing 2.5 mg/L of ozone had no significant antimicrobial effect on the studied bacterial species. The results of this study showed that ozonation of oil may improve its chemical properties. In addition, by increasing the incubation time to 24 hours, ozonated oil showed a favorable antibacterial effect against N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis.
Medical
Bujagouni Swapna; Kaneez Fathima; Hifsa Muwayyad; Madeeha Khanam; Syeda Salma; Surabhi Harsha; Numair Gayas
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is on the rise around the world and is strongly linked with the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This six-month observational study was conducted in the nephrology division of a 300-bed, multi-specialty tertiary care teaching hospital. A total of 90 prescriptions ...
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is on the rise around the world and is strongly linked with the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This six-month observational study was conducted in the nephrology division of a 300-bed, multi-specialty tertiary care teaching hospital. A total of 90 prescriptions written for inpatients and outpatients in the nephrology ward are considered based on the inclusion criteria. Patient case sheets, patient questionnaires and interviews, biomedical and radiological reports, and the medication regimen chart are the primary means of data gathering. In this study, we identified the patient's age, hypertension, lipid abnormalities, male gender, cigarette smoking, and family history as traditional risk factors for both CVD and CKD. Nearly 40% of 90 individuals had a high risk of CVD, followed by 25 with intermediate risk, 19 with borderline risk, and 6 with low risk. We further conclude that successful CKD and CVD therapy requires good glycemic control, anti-hypertensive medicine, and hypolipidemic medication. Diabetes patients received SGLT-2 inhibitors, which improve CKD and CVD. The development of chronic kidney disease to stages 4 and 5 is slowed by anti-hypertensive medication, particularly with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors such as angiotensin-receptor blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Patients with persistent hypertension, albuminuria, or heart failure with a poor ejection fraction benefit from treatment with aldosterone receptor antagonists. People with chronic kidney disease benefit from low-dose aspirin for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Despite medication advancements, high blood pressure (BP) patients need a customised and evidence-based management plan to control BP, minimise CVD risk, and delay CKD progression. Early CKD treatment is essential for preventing the progression of both CKD and CVD.
Medical
Koteswari Poluri; Bujagouni Swapna; Vatte Jyothsna; Kaneez Fathima; Omamah Afreen; Shaheroz Jabeen; Sumera Sultana
Abstract
The occurrence of an ischemic stroke arises from the unfortunate circumstance in which a blood vessel becomes impeded or obstructed, resulting from the presence of a clot, atherosclerosis, or the narrowing of arteries. The neurology department of a 300-bed, multi-specialty tertiary teaching hospital ...
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The occurrence of an ischemic stroke arises from the unfortunate circumstance in which a blood vessel becomes impeded or obstructed, resulting from the presence of a clot, atherosclerosis, or the narrowing of arteries. The neurology department of a 300-bed, multi-specialty tertiary teaching hospital was the site of this six-month observational study. Prescriptions for both inpatients and outpatients in the neurology unit, totalling 90, are considered according to the inclusion criteria. Patient case sheets, questionnaires, interviews, biomedical and radiological reports, and drug regimen charts are the main data sources. Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients are more prevalent in the over-60 age group than in the 20–35 age group. The information obtained indicates that male patients have greater effects than female ones. Furthermore, our research indicates that AIS is more common in obese and overweight people. One of the main risk factors for developing AIS is alcohol drinking, tobacco chewing, and smoking, which affect most AIS patients. Treatment options for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) include intravenous thrombolytic therapy (IVT), anti-platelet therapy, anticoagulant therapy, and adjuvant therapies using statins and drugs based on the comorbidities of the patients. This research highlights that individuals with AIS have shown higher progress when physical rehabilitation is combined with intravenous thrombolytic treatment (IVT) for patients with comorbidities. We found that the individuals who continued taking their medicine and therapy after their discharge from the hospital had better motor strength than those who stopped. Our study concludes that the integration of pharmacotherapy with physical rehabilitation yielded significant enhancements in the functional capacity of individuals affected by stroke.
Medical
Lester Raymundo Dominguez Huarcaya; María Fernanda Dominguez Ríos; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi; Zahra Rahimi
Abstract
At least in some individuals, the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) appears to be significantly influenced by neuroinflammation. Microglia, which are situated within the brain, represent a type of immune cell that exhibits the capability to transform into a reactive state in response to ...
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At least in some individuals, the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) appears to be significantly influenced by neuroinflammation. Microglia, which are situated within the brain, represent a type of immune cell that exhibits the capability to transform into a reactive state in response to inflammatory attacks. This unique ability substantiates the critical role microglia play in the initial stages of neuroinflammation. Empirical studies have revealed that microglia are proficient in discerning infections or damaged cells, thereby instigating a cytotoxic response that exacerbates the damage inflicted on brain cells. However, microglia display a wide range of reactions to injury and may potentially contribute to the process of recuperation and the reinstatement of impaired tissues. It is possible that changing the phenotype of microglia through the regulation of inflammatory pathways is essential in order to harness neuroinflammation in MDD. This study examines potential new treatment paths for modulating neuroinflammation in brain disorders by analyzing canonical proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic mechanisms in microglia. the primary focus is on the major depressive disorder (MDD), but will also discuss other brain diseases.
Medical
Ali Reza Arabestanino; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; Arman Ai; Bita Dinarvand
Abstract
Abnormalities of several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been identified in carcinomas during the last decade and of pathological warfare and physiological traits, and multiple genetic changes have been demonstrated in individual carcinomas. We conducted a systematic review of studies enrolling ...
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Abnormalities of several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been identified in carcinomas during the last decade and of pathological warfare and physiological traits, and multiple genetic changes have been demonstrated in individual carcinomas. We conducted a systematic review of studies enrolling adolescents and adults with Carcinoma, every type in which a cancer intervention was randomized, or all study designs in which there was a primary or secondary outcome. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews from 1990 to June 2015. Two reviewers evaluated study eligibility and abstracted data. In total, 67 studies were included and consisted of 62 randomized trials, reviews, and 5 studies. None of the studies (0/81) provided a definition. Only one randomized trial provided a definition. We were unable to identify any definitions used in studies of adolescents and adults with Carcinoma. Given that a proportion of this population may receive intensive treatment, there is an urgent need for consensus-based definitions of use across trials and review systematic & and meta-analysis.
Medical
Khadije Saravani; Pouya Ostadrahimi; Atena Jahanifard
Abstract
Thalassemia major is the most common hemolytic anemia in Iran and the world that causes an increase in complications in patients, one of the most important of which is liver complications. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the level of liver enzymes and their relationship with ferritin and the ...
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Thalassemia major is the most common hemolytic anemia in Iran and the world that causes an increase in complications in patients, one of the most important of which is liver complications. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the level of liver enzymes and their relationship with ferritin and the frequency of blood transfusions in patients with thalassemia. This study was performed on 73 patients with thalassemia major. Demographic, clinical and laboratory information were recorded from the medical files. Data were analysed using SPSS version 22 software. Our study showed significant increasing trend in the AST, ALT and ALP levels in thalassemic patients. However, these changes were not statistically significant amount patients with different frequencies of blood transfusion (p>0.05). Among liver enzymes, just AST and ALT had significant correlations with serum ferritin (p<0.001). In addition, serum ferritin levels of more than 1625 mg/dl could predict the abnormal liver enzymes with the highest sensitivity (59%) and specificity (100%) when considering ALT and AST levels as diagnostic measures for liver problems. Due to the high prevalence of liver damage in thalassemia patients, serum ferritin in combination with the other factors can be applied as a suitable index for assessment of the liver function.
Medical
Sara Amini; Amir Hossein Omidi; Hamed Afkhami; Hoda Sabati; Amin Mohsenzadeh; Atyieh Soleymani; Mohammad Ali Zonobian; Negin Ghanbarnejad; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common infectious bacterial species and one of the agents of community-acquired infections (CAIs) and hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Aminoglycosides are potent antibactericidal agents often used together with Beta Lactams or Glycopeptides, especially in ...
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Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common infectious bacterial species and one of the agents of community-acquired infections (CAIs) and hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Aminoglycosides are potent antibactericidal agents often used together with Beta Lactams or Glycopeptides, especially in treating Staphylococcal endocarditis. The present research aimed to determine the frequency of the aac (6 ́)-le-aph (2 ́ ́) gene that encodes Aminoglycoside modifying enzymes using PCR on clinical isolates of S. aureus. 115 clinical isolates of S. aureus were collected at educational hospitals in Karaj during 12 months. They were first identified by using standard biochemical and laboratory methods and, following CLSI principles and procedures, antibiotic sensitivity patterns of all isolates were obtained using the disc diffusion method. Moreover, using agar dilution, the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using the antibiotic powder Gentamycin. Finally, gene frequency was measured by employing PCR. The highest levels of resistance to Aminoglycosides were observed in Kanamycin (47.8%), Gentamycin (46.9%), and Tobramycin (46.9%), and Doxycycline and Ciprofloxacin with 50.4 and 49.5 percent respectively, were the non-Aminoglycoside antibiotics to which the highest levels of resistance were exhibited. The frequency of the aac (6 ́)-le-aph (2 ́ ́) gene was 39.1 percent. Rapid and timely detection of resistant strains seems to be necessary in selecting suitable treatment options and in preventing the spread of resistance. Furthermore, rapid identification of genes that encode AME enzymes using PCR enjoys special advantages such as high levels of precision and speed.
Medical
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal; Zahra Rajabi; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi; Arezoo Bagheri Sadegi
Abstract
Foodborne diseases are a global problem that is spreading day by day. These diseases are one of the most common causes of death in children and the elderly. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of water and foodborne diseases in Kurdistan province for six months from April to September ...
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Foodborne diseases are a global problem that is spreading day by day. These diseases are one of the most common causes of death in children and the elderly. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of water and foodborne diseases in Kurdistan province for six months from April to September 2022. Stool samples from patients were collected in the laboratory in a special container containing 10% formalin preservative. 134 stool samples from 28 food outbreaks from Kurdistan province were analyzed for the type of infected bacteria. The research results were analyzed in SPSS-19 software. Among the 28 outbreaks in Kurdistan province during the two seasons of spring and summer, the highest number of outbreaks was in the summer season with 20 and then in the spring season with 8 outbreaks. The dominant age group was children under 10 years (%21) old and people between 20-30 years old, and the dominant gender group was men. The most common clinical symptoms were nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhea and non-bloody diarrhea. It is important to know the type of bacteria that cause water and foodborne diseases in reducing outbreaks and treatment costs and applying necessary measures for control and prevention.
Medical
Mehdi Kakaei; Fazal Ur Rehman; Farzaneh Fazeli
Abstract
Legumes provide a major portion of protein and calories in the diet of many people around the world. Among different legumes, chickpeas have higher bioavailability and protein. Legumes are the second most important source of human food after the cereal family. Among them, chickpea with 15 to 25% of protein ...
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Legumes provide a major portion of protein and calories in the diet of many people around the world. Among different legumes, chickpeas have higher bioavailability and protein. Legumes are the second most important source of human food after the cereal family. Among them, chickpea with 15 to 25% of protein rich in essential amino acids such as arginine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, valine, threonine, meotine and cysteine, phenylalanine and tyrosine, this plant causes fertility due to nitrogen fixation. The content chickpea is not only a source of protein, but also a source of dietary fiber, resistant starch, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and minerals, especially folate, calcium, magnesium and potassium. Regarding chickpea milk, plant milk consumers have accepted chickpea extract well. Due to the effective compounds, it is necessary to study the process of human health. In this research, the evaluation of published articles was used and the extracts of these studies were used to compile this article. Reading this article inspires the reader with a favorable view about planting peas in the field and their properties in the body. It is recommended that according to the properties of chickpeas, food industry researchers, plant breeding researchers and other related experts should provide more extensive research works to identify its useful aspects for the healthy and organic production of this valuable plant. Finally, it should be seriously included in the household basket to have a healthy human body.
Medical
Yang Yang; Yuxue Jiao; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
Abstract
Protein is an important component of life. Protein modification after translation enriches the diversity of protein, regulates the structure and function of a protein, and participates in more life processes. Recent studies have found that post-translational modifications of proteins can regulate the ...
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Protein is an important component of life. Protein modification after translation enriches the diversity of protein, regulates the structure and function of a protein, and participates in more life processes. Recent studies have found that post-translational modifications of proteins can regulate the occurrence and development of tumors. The human immune system should be able to eliminate cancer cells through an acquired immune response executed by T cells. However, clinical detection of cancer cells often results from the failure of immune surveillance. Therefore, relieving immune suppression and restoring antitumor immune response provides the possibility for tumor therapy. Tumor immunotherapy refers to exogenous intervention of the body's immune system, restart and maintain the "tumor-immune" cycle, restore and improve the anti-immune response of the group, strengthen the recognition and killing ability of tumor cells, so as to achieve the therapeutic effect of controlling or even clarifying the tumor specifically. Here, we review current knowledge of the current status of tumor immunotherapy and the types and effects of post-translational modifications of proteins, hoping to improve new ideas for the types of therapies.
Medical
CH Satish Kumar; Sayoni Roy; Talari Aishwarya; Chilkuri Shashank Setty; Omamah Afreen; Ammapally Maheshwari; Hafsa Ansari
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are a major public health concern in both developed and developing countries. Early detection and treatment of maternal health issues reduce the severity of these issues. This study set out to identify possible risk factors of these conditions and evaluate ...
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Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are a major public health concern in both developed and developing countries. Early detection and treatment of maternal health issues reduce the severity of these issues. This study set out to identify possible risk factors of these conditions and evaluate current methods of treatment. Throughout the research (6 months), 80 PIH women who met the inclusion criteria were studied in an observational study. Women in their twenties and thirties are more likely to have pregnancy-induced hypertension. Preeclampsia and gestational hypertension in pregnancy are the most common types. Hypertension issues are more common among pregnant women who are more likely to be obese, have had previous pregnancies, and reside in rural areas. Medication for the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension is prescribed and administered regarding drugs used for primary hypertension. Methyldopa and labetalol are examples of first-line treatments. Patients with PIH who are about to give birth are given hydralazine intravenously (IV) or nifedipine orally (P.O.) as a second-line treatment. When providing antihypertensive medicines or any other medications, the well-being of both maternal and fetal is taken into consideration. The risks to both mother and child may be reduced with prompt treatment with additional, safe medications.
Medical
Farhad Nalaini; Saleh Salehi Zahabi; Mohadese Abdoli; Elham Kazemi; Mahmood Mehrbakhsh; Salar Khaledian; Reza Fatahian
Abstract
In this review, we will discuss the neuroimaging findings of patients with COVID-19 from the outbreak (late December 2019) to the end of October 2021. PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, ProQuest, Web of Science and the World Health Organization database (January 01, 2020, to October 30, ...
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In this review, we will discuss the neuroimaging findings of patients with COVID-19 from the outbreak (late December 2019) to the end of October 2021. PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, ProQuest, Web of Science and the World Health Organization database (January 01, 2020, to October 30, 2021) were searched for related published articles. In each of the databases, the appendix search strategies were performed and the below keywords were used: COVID-19”OR“coronavirus disease 2019” AND “brain MRI” OR “brain magnetic resonance imaging” OR “brain CT” OR “neuroimaging”. In total, neuroimaging findings of 1550 patients, with ages from 1-96 years, were analyzed. Most brain neuroimaging findings include hyperintensity, Cerebral venous thrombosis, intraventricular and subarachnoid hemorrhage, infarction, leukoencephalopathy, acute ischemic strokes and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in adult patients and severe encephalopathy, stroke, infarction, CNS infection/demyelination, neuritis or polyradiculitis, venous thrombosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and longitudinally extensive myelitis, and myositis in pediatric patients. Our findings showed that the most important complication of the coronavirus is not just respiratory complications, because although transiently, COVID-19-related brain complications are seen in pediatrics as well as adults, and families should pay more attention to health care.
Medical
Nooshin Amjadi; Maryam Talayeh; Mohadeseh Momeni; Nasrin Mansouri
Abstract
Meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) affects 15-20% of term pregnancies. Recent studies have shown that MSAF has adverse effects on neonatal outcomes. There is no scientific consensus on the incidence of fetal distress in MSAF neonates, and most cesarean sections due to MSAF are unnecessary. The present ...
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Meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) affects 15-20% of term pregnancies. Recent studies have shown that MSAF has adverse effects on neonatal outcomes. There is no scientific consensus on the incidence of fetal distress in MSAF neonates, and most cesarean sections due to MSAF are unnecessary. The present study was conducted to assess umbilical artery blood pH in neonates with MSAF and to examine whether there is a relationship between MSAF and fetal distress. A clinical survey case-control was conducted on the neonates of 200 pregnant women admitted to a delivery unit of the obstetrics and Gynecology center in Amir al-Momenin Hospital, Zabol in 2014. Neonates born with MSAF made up the case group, and the control group consisted of neonates born with clear amniotic fluid. Umbilical cord arterial pH, gestational age, gender, mode of delivery, and one and five-minute Apgar scores were considered in both groups. The mean pH of the umbilical cord artery blood in the infants of the case group was 7.25, and the mean pH of the umbilical cord artery in the infants of the control group was 7.29 (P = 0.93). The mean gestational age in the case and control groups was 40.08 weeks and 38.32 weeks, respectively (P= 0.03). In this study, a cesarean delivery (P=0.001) and female gender (P= 0.016) were higher in the case group than in the control group. MSAF does not necessarily imply fetal distress, so urgent cesarean sections are unnecessary. This study showed that based on the acidity variables of the umbilical cord artery, there is no statistically significant correlation between the Apgar score at the 1st and 5th minute. While a significant difference has been observed between the type of delivery, gestational age and baby's gender.
Medical
Yicen Long; Xiaoqiang Du; Zhi Ouyang; Jian Zhong; Ye Zeng
Abstract
Sepsis has remained a high mortality rate worldwide. Endothelial cell dysfunction is closely associated with the development of sepsis. Hydrocortisone has potent immunological and antitoxic effects, and thus it is frequently used in the treatment of septic shock. However, it can also cause respiratory ...
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Sepsis has remained a high mortality rate worldwide. Endothelial cell dysfunction is closely associated with the development of sepsis. Hydrocortisone has potent immunological and antitoxic effects, and thus it is frequently used in the treatment of septic shock. However, it can also cause respiratory damage and death by anaphylaxis. In recent years, the combination of hydrocortisone and other drugs such as vitamin C and thiamine has achieved promising outcomes in refractory septic shock. The present review focuses on the therapeutic effects of hydrocortisone in sepsis and summarizes the mechanisms by which hydrocortisone acted on the vascular endothelial cells. We highlighted the effect of hydrocortisone on anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, improvement of vascular functions, and anti-oxidative stress. We also pointed out that the mechanisms by which the combination therapy with other drugs enhances the effects of hydrocortisone are still unclear and need to be clarified to determine the benefit of the treatment of sepsis.
Medical
Gandu Sravanthi; Kumara Swamy Gandla; Lalitha Repudi
Abstract
A new simple, selective, rapid, precise reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed and validated for the estimation of Molnupiravir in bulk and its pharmaceutical dosage form. The separation was made using Symmetry ODS C18 (4.6×150mm, 5µm) column. The ...
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A new simple, selective, rapid, precise reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed and validated for the estimation of Molnupiravir in bulk and its pharmaceutical dosage form. The separation was made using Symmetry ODS C18 (4.6×150mm, 5µm) column. The mobile phase used contained Methanol. Phosphate Buffer pH-4.2 adjusted with Orthophosphoric acid solution in the ratio of 35:65% v/v in an isocratic mode at a wavelength of 236nm. The mobile-phase flow rate and the sample volume injected were 1 ml/min and 10 μL, respectively. The retention time of Molnupiravir was found to be 2.8 ±0.2mins. A good linear relationship of Molnupiravir r =0.999) was observed over a concentration range of 20 to 100µg/ml of Molnupiravir. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for Molnupiravir was found to be 2.6µg/ml and 6.35µg/ml. The recovery percentage was observed in the range of 98-102%. The relative standard deviation for the precision study was found <2%. The developed method is simple, precise, specific, accurate and rapid, making it suitable for the estimation of Molnupiravir in bulk and marketed pharmaceutical dosage form. It was concluded that in the present developed RP- HPLC method is simple, rapid, and accurate, hence can be used for routine quality control analysis in the Pharmaceutical industry.
Medical
CH Satish Kumar; Keshamoni Anusha; Rajoli Priyanka; Medipally Gowthami; Kaneez Fathima; Syed Sadiya Riaz; Bujagouni Swapna
Abstract
More than 75% of women have uterine fibroids (leiomyomas), which may have major morbid effects. By far, they are the main reason for a hysterectomy. Smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts make up the complicated cellular assemblage known as fibroids. They generally develop from somatic mutations, most often ...
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More than 75% of women have uterine fibroids (leiomyomas), which may have major morbid effects. By far, they are the main reason for a hysterectomy. Smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts make up the complicated cellular assemblage known as fibroids. They generally develop from somatic mutations, most often MED12, and are rich in the extracellular matrix. They provide chances to investigate fundamental mechanisms due to their lack of inhibition of growth and their capacity to display aspects of malignancy while remaining histologically and physiologically benign. The processes behind the genesis and evolution of leiomyomas remain a mystery. In the current research, 102 individuals were found, 12 of whom were removed for a variety of reasons, and 90 patients' data were analyzed. Age prevalence is evaluated in the topic, and risk factors, pharmaceutical therapy, surgical alternatives, and consequences are examined. According to this research, women between the ages of 31 and 40 are more likely to develop uterine fibroids, and age, obesity, and hormone imbalance are risk factors. Anti-fibrinolytic agents are a first-line therapy in the pharmacological management of menstrual bleeding. Hysterectomy is the recommended surgical procedure for the treatment of uterine fibroids. Our research found that excessive or prolonged bleeding and unfavourable pregnancy outcomes were the main symptoms. This research shows that uterine fibroids have a major influence on one's quality of life.
Medical
Reginaldo Gon De Lima-Neto; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
Abstract
Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a fungal disease, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, affecting mainly rural workers. It is characterized by chronic skin lesions that may vary from nodular, tumorous, verrucous or plaque type. Associated constitutional symptoms are rarely found. The histological ...
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Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a fungal disease, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, affecting mainly rural workers. It is characterized by chronic skin lesions that may vary from nodular, tumorous, verrucous or plaque type. Associated constitutional symptoms are rarely found. The histological presentation may yield a pathognomonic feature, the Medlar (sclerotic) bodies, in which a typical brown to black pigment is depicted, explaining “copper pennies” as its alias. In this article, the case of a 56-year-old woman in the countryside of Brazil is reported; whose main complaint was a chronic leg ulcer for the past 8 years. On the left leg, a large, partially ulcerated plaque lesion was found. Microbiological cultures were positive for the pathogen. Histological analysis demonstrated pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, lymphohistiocytic infiltrate and sclerotic bodies (“copper pennies”). CBM’s epidemiological panorama, once established uniquely by geographical distribution, is transitioning to a global health issue, influenced by immunosuppressive conditions, global warming and migration. This scenario demands CBM to be widely considered as a differential diagnosis and may represent a clinical challenge in regions whose professionals have little expertise in infectious tropical diseases.
Medical
Ismail Muhammad; Pukuma Mikah Sale; Tanko Mahmoud Muhammad; Ali Rufai; Augustine Linda Midala; Bala Abubakar
Abstract
Successful malaria diagnosis is the mainstay of successful treatment, prevention and eradication of malaria infection. Apart from the gold standard technique (Microscopy), numerous diagnostic techniques perform a similar function to microscopy and in most cases tend to have varying sensitivity and specificity, ...
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Successful malaria diagnosis is the mainstay of successful treatment, prevention and eradication of malaria infection. Apart from the gold standard technique (Microscopy), numerous diagnostic techniques perform a similar function to microscopy and in most cases tend to have varying sensitivity and specificity, especially when compared with the gold standard technique. Therefore this study aimed to determine the Performance and accuracy of SD Bioline Malaria Ag P.f (05fk50) (Rapid Diagnostic Test kit) to Gold standard (Microscopy). A total of two hundred (200) samples were collected from the consented study subjects and analyzed using RDT and Giemsa staining technique. The result revealed an overall prevalence of 132(66.0%) and 167(83.5%) respectively by RDT and Microscopy, where 115 (57.5%) were true positive, there was no significant difference between the two techniques (P> 0.05, df= 1, χ2 = 3.695). The RDT recorded a sensitivity and specificity value of 68.86% and 48.48% respectively with a positive predictive value of 87.78% and a negative predictive value of 23.53%. The RDT recorded an overall accuracy of 0.66. The Rapid Diagnostic test kit used in the present demonstrated a high level of sensitivity and positive predictive value with relatively low specificity and negative predictive value. Regular checks on the Performance and accuracy of all brands of RDT should be conducted as their perform
Medical
Haider Majid Haider Al-Zaidi; Fatemehsadat Mousavinasab; Nika Radseresht; Ali Reza Mirzaei; Yasaman Moradi; Mohammad Mahmoudifar
Abstract
Deafness can occur due to damage to the ear, especially the inner ear. In other cases, the cause is a heterogeneous genetic abnormality and is caused by the changes that occur in the genes involved in the hearing process. Mutations in GJB2 and SLC26A4 genes are one of the most important causes of deafness ...
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Deafness can occur due to damage to the ear, especially the inner ear. In other cases, the cause is a heterogeneous genetic abnormality and is caused by the changes that occur in the genes involved in the hearing process. Mutations in GJB2 and SLC26A4 genes are one of the most important causes of deafness in the world, which causes syndromic and non-syndromic hereditary hearing loss. The purpose of this study is to investigate GJB2 and SLC26A4 genes related to genetic syndromes of deafness and bioinformatic analysis at the genome and proteome level and to evaluate and compare the expression of these genes in different tissues of the human body. For this purpose, tools related to bioinformatics analysis such as UCSC and OMIM databases were used. One of the common genetic syndromes caused by mutations in these genes is pendred syndrome. The clinical symptoms of this disease are weight gain, constipation, dry skin, and hair, decreased energy, sleepiness, bulging belly, decreased body temperature, and slow growth. This disease does not currently have a specific treatment, so it is very important and fundamental to investigate the genetic factors affecting this disease. The results of this research showed that the transfer of potassium, sodium, and chlorine ions as well as the mutation in the SLC26A4 gene, which is responsible for the synthesis of pendrin protein, is very effective in the occurrence of pendred syndrome. To diagnose pendred syndrome more accurately, molecular methods should be used in genetic tests. The results of comparing the expression profiles of these two genes showed that the difference in the expression of these two genes is very high and, in general, the expression of the SLC26A4 gene in the body is very low. Because people with hearing loss have other problems including damage to other parts of the body such as the heart, kidneys, or eyes. Knowing the genetic cause in these cases allows the doctor to be aware of problems in other systems as well.
Medical
Shahnam Azizi Dargahlou; Marcello Iriti; Mahin Pouresmaeil; Lucky Poh Wah Goh
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are, small (roughly 19–25 nucleotides in length), conserved, non-coding, single-stranded, and functional RNA molecules with the properties of gene expression regulation through mRNA degradation, translation repression, mRNA deadenylation as well as gene silencing via histone ...
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are, small (roughly 19–25 nucleotides in length), conserved, non-coding, single-stranded, and functional RNA molecules with the properties of gene expression regulation through mRNA degradation, translation repression, mRNA deadenylation as well as gene silencing via histone methylation. They even have the ability to increase gene expression levels. The biogenesis of miRNAs is divided into two canonical and non-canonical pathways. The second pathway has a divergent mechanism for the biogenesis of miRNAs. miRNAs can be transcribed from specific genes or introns of protein-coding genes. A single miRNA species can control the expression of hundreds of genes, and also one gene can be the target of different miRNAs. These molecules have been identified in eukaryotic organisms such as mammals and plants and even in viruses. miRNAs play an inevitable role in the life cycle of eukaryotic cells. They are involved in any biological processes such as the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, signaling, and defense responses through their spatio-temporal expression manner. Aberrant expression of miRNAs is involved in a large number of biological disorders, which illustrates their great potential to be applied in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. miRNA inhibitors (anti-miRs) and artificial miRNAs (miRNA mimics) are two general approaches to balance the dysregulated miRNA levels that make it possible to treat various biological disorders. In this study, in general, the biogenesis and the role of miRNAs, the origin of miRNAs, viral miRNAs, miRNA detection procedures, in silico miRNA analysis tools, miRNA-based therapies and their obstacles, and miRNAs as potential non-invasive biomarkers are discussed. Finally, it is stated the importance of dietary miRNAs.
Medical
Naghmana Kanwal; Othman Rashid Al Samarrai; Haider Majid Haider Al-Zaidi; Ali Reza Mirzaei; Mohammad Javad Heidari
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the RNA level. MicroRNAs have positive regulatory effects on protein translation processes and often induce their performance by binding to the 3'-UTR mRNA region. Also, microRNAs are involved in various cellular ...
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MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the RNA level. MicroRNAs have positive regulatory effects on protein translation processes and often induce their performance by binding to the 3'-UTR mRNA region. Also, microRNAs are involved in various cellular processes, including development, cell division, cell signaling, and cell growth, and generally play an effective role in the cell cycle and control of physiological processes and cell pathology. Several studies confirm that microRNAs play an important role in the initiation and progression of cancer, and many of them act as oncogenes and tumor suppressors. On the other hand, microRNAs are important stimulating factors that can act as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of various types of cancer, and in many cases, the occurrence of mutations in microRNAs and open-reading templates can lead to cancer. MicroRNAs also play an effective role in regulating gene expression. Biological studies have shown that about 30% of all genes and the majority of genetic pathways are regulated by microRNAs. In general, microRNAs and their target molecules are potential biological goals for primary screening, targeted treatment, and pharmaceutical resistance, and identifying them provides a clear prospect for a better understanding of the pathways leading to cancer.