Gene Expression Studies
Seyyedeh Shabnam Irankhah; Saied Hoseini-Asl; Mehdi Valizadeh; Firouz Amani
Abstract
Background: Beta-thalassemia is one of the most common genetic diseases with autosomal recessive inherited patterns in the world and is one of the most common diseases in Iran that exists in all age and sex groups. Determining gene mutations in this disease can be effective in controlling and treating ...
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Background: Beta-thalassemia is one of the most common genetic diseases with autosomal recessive inherited patterns in the world and is one of the most common diseases in Iran that exists in all age and sex groups. Determining gene mutations in this disease can be effective in controlling and treating the disease. The present study determined the frequency of polymorphisms of Hinc, RSaI, RDB, and Xmn in patients with beta-thalassemia minor in Ardabil province. Methods: 53 beta-thalassemia patients referred to the genetic department of Imam Khomeini Hospital were studied. Blood samples were taken to determine the type of gene mutation. PCR samples were genetically evaluated to determine genetic mutations using RDB-Sequence-RFLP-Haplotype methods. Results: A total of 53 samples were examined, of which 56.6% were male and the rest were female. The most positive cases in the first and second ranks were related to XmnI and AvaII enzymes with 73.5% and 60.3%, respectively. The most common mutation extracted in the studied samples with 14 cases (26.4%) was IVS2.1. Among the most common mutations extracted by the RDB method was related to IVS 1.2 with 26.4%. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that the distribution of genetic mutations in the studied samples can be different from other places. Also, by performing targeted genetic counseling, it is possible to control and prevent the disease in the future.
Gene Expression Studies
Ismail Muhammad; Pukuma Micah Sale; Muhammad Khadija Salisu; Tanko Mahmoud Muhammad; Bala Abubakar; Augustine Linda Maidala; Enock Nuwanyada
Abstract
Chloroquine was one of the most cheapest and effective chemotherapeutic drugs for Plasmodium falciparum-malaria, but for a long, the drug has been officially withdrawn in almost all malaria-endemic countries including Nigeria, due to the development of resistance by the parasite. Withdrawal of the drug ...
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Chloroquine was one of the most cheapest and effective chemotherapeutic drugs for Plasmodium falciparum-malaria, but for a long, the drug has been officially withdrawn in almost all malaria-endemic countries including Nigeria, due to the development of resistance by the parasite. Withdrawal of the drug may make the drug regains its efficacy. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the presence of Biomarkers associated with chloroquine resistance from Gombe Local Government Area, Gombe State, Nigeria after its withdrawal in 2005. Twenty hundred blood samples were collected from consented study subjects and analysed using Microscopy, RDT and PCR. DNA was extracted using Quick-DNA™ Miniprep (No. D4069), Purity and Concentration of the DNA were determined using Nanodrop Spectrophotometer. 57 true positive samples were selected for molecular analysis. Nested PCR was used to amplify the required codon (C72S, M74I, K76T and N75E) position of PCRT the gene of P. falciparum. Both Primary and Secondary PCR was carried out. The PCR products were subjected to electrophoresis in 2% agarose and stained with ethidium bromide. The amplicons were purified and sequenced, after which the sequenced products were subjected to BLAST software. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism was recorded from C72S and K76T with a prevalence of 05(8.80%) and 46(80.70%) respectively. Confirmed biomarkers of Chloroquine resistance are still present in P. falciparum isolate from Gombe L.G.A.
Gene Expression Studies
Qassim hassan Aubais aljelehawy; Layth Hussein Hadi Alshaibah; Zahraa Khudhair Abbas Al- Khafaji
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus contains numerous surface proteins called microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) that mediate binding to host tissues and initiate colonization leading to infection. Virulence genes such as enzymes, toxins, adhesin proteins, cell surface proteins ...
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Staphylococcus aureus contains numerous surface proteins called microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) that mediate binding to host tissues and initiate colonization leading to infection. Virulence genes such as enzymes, toxins, adhesin proteins, cell surface proteins play an important role in the pathogenicity of S. aureus strains. The distribution and prevalence of virulence genes vary among S. aureus strains in different regions. However, the highest frequency of virulence genes among S. aureus strains is related to toxin genes. There are many PCR methods for detecting these microorganisms such as conventional PCR, multiplex PCR, reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the presence of virulence genes among methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. In this study, multiplex PCR technique was applied to determine the presence of virulence genes among MRSA strains. Results showed the frequency of virulence genes among bacterial strains isolated from Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf teaching hospital. In addition, among the strains, hla gene with 91% frequency, exhibited the highest prevalence among pathogenic genes. Sea, mecA, clfB, femA, fnbB, tsst, hlb genes with 88%, 65%, 54%, 45%, 39%, 27% and 13% were in the next ranks, respectively. This investigation showed mecA is a gene found in bacterial cells that allows them to be resistant to antibiotics such as methicillin and other penicillin-like antibiotics.
Gene Expression Studies
Zahra Aziziaram; Ismael Bilal; Yuan Zhong; Azzadin Kamal Mahmod; Mohammad Reza Roshandel
Abstract
Naproxen is a common analgesic and antipyretic medication that is widely used around the world. This medicine at high doses leads to liver and kidney necrosis in humans and animals. The mechanism of kidney damage, unlike liver damage, is not well understood and is one of the most common causes of emergency ...
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Naproxen is a common analgesic and antipyretic medication that is widely used around the world. This medicine at high doses leads to liver and kidney necrosis in humans and animals. The mechanism of kidney damage, unlike liver damage, is not well understood and is one of the most common causes of emergency department patients. Therefore, in the present study, the protective effect of curcumin, a compound derived from turmeric, was investigated on renal damage caused by naproxen. For this purpose, 25 male Wistar rats were selected and were randomly divided into five groups. Naproxen was dissolved in a 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution and was injected intraperitoneally at 1000 mg/kg of animal weight. Also, curcumin was dissolved in 5% DMSO and was injected within peritoneum at a dose of 200 mg/kg of animal weight into the relevant groups. After 24 hours of injection, rats were bled and plasma urea and creatinine levels were measured. The rate of lipid peroxidation, the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the kidney, total plasma antioxidant capacity, and PGC-1α gene expression were measured. The results showed that naproxen significantly increased the levels of biochemical markers of urea and creatinine in plasma and lipid peroxidation in the kidney; also, it decreased the activity of the antioxidants enzymes. The use of curcumin in naproxen-exposed groups significantly reduced the concentrations of urea, creatinine, and lipid peroxidation. Curcumin increased the activity of catalase, superoxide enzymes, and the total antioxidant capacity of plasma. Also, curcumin increased the expression of the PGC-1α gene, which reduces the effects of naproxen. Therefore, according to the current study results, curcumin could significantly reduce the harmful effects of naproxen on the kidneys. However, in future studies, the effect of curcumin should be evaluated on the naproxen mechanism in the treatment of those patients who need naproxen.
Gene Expression Studies
Muhammed Furkan Ercisli; Gao Lechun; Sarhang Hasan Azeez; Rebwar Muhammad Hamasalih; Siyan Song; Zahra Aziziaram
Abstract
Rivaroxaban is an anticoagulant drug that prevents forming of blood clots. In addition, it can be administered to prevent and treat thrombotic diseases such as atrial fibrillation, cardiac arrhythmia, heart valve disease, orthopedic surgery, and thrombophilia to reduce the risk of thrombosis. Various ...
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Rivaroxaban is an anticoagulant drug that prevents forming of blood clots. In addition, it can be administered to prevent and treat thrombotic diseases such as atrial fibrillation, cardiac arrhythmia, heart valve disease, orthopedic surgery, and thrombophilia to reduce the risk of thrombosis. Various factors such as age, gender, diet, medications, and genetic factors effectively determine the dose of rivaroxaban. Genetic variability in drug-metabolizing enzymes, including the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes and especially CYP3A4, has been associated with rivaroxaban response. The current study aimed to identify the frequency of CYP3A4 common polymorphisms, as well as their association with rivaroxaban response in 100 patients of Arab descent (48.6% female). CYP3A4 gene polymorphisms were examined by the PCR-RFLP method, and the findings were analyzed by SPSS 16 software and t-test. The frequency of CYP3A4*1B/*1B, CYP3A4*1B/*1A, CYP3A4*1B/*1C, and CYP3A4*1A/*1C was 67.35%, 10.64%, 19.12% and 2.89%, respectively. According to our results, CYP3A4 *1B/*1B genotype was the most common, and patients with CYP3A4*1B/*1B alleles needed a higher daily dose of rivaroxaban than *1B/*1A, *1B/*1C, and *1A/*1C carriers (9.57 ± 1.54 mg/day, P=0.015). Therefore, according to the results, CYP3A4 gene polymorphism has an important effect on the dose of rivaroxaban required to maintain the International Normalized Ratio (INR) in the range of 2-3.
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