Medical
Mohammed Shaker Al-Awady; Besma Mohammed Ali
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases with high prevalence, mortality and morbidity characterized by prolonged high blood glucose concentrations resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. This study aimed to assess the role of vitamin D supplementation in glycemic ...
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Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases with high prevalence, mortality and morbidity characterized by prolonged high blood glucose concentrations resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. This study aimed to assess the role of vitamin D supplementation in glycemic control in uncontrolled type 1 diabetes with vitamin D deficiency. It is a prospective study between 1st of October 2022 to 31st of July 2023, where ninety patients (male: female ratio 1:1) with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes and vitamin D deficiency attended The Specialized Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes in Baghdad Government-Iraq, their ages between 5-18 years were followed for 10months to assess their Hemoglobin A1c (Hba1c) and serum calcium after correction of vitamin D level with therapeutic doses of vitamin D. The findings of the study had shown that 41.1% of the patients had vitamin D insufficiency and 58.9% with deficiency regardless sex and age. All the obese children and 66.4% of the overweight had vitamin D deficiency with significant correlation with BMI (P<0.001). The severity of vitamin D was also related to duration of disease diagnoses (P<0.001). Good glycemic control occurs in patients with vitamin D levels>50ng/ml (P<0.01). In 14.5% of the patients after 6 months, their vitamin D levels again became deficient, so re-check was needed after 6 months from the end of the loading therapy. Vitamin D deficiency among the patients of diabetes mellitus type 1 was high and was closely related to glycemic control. The level of vitamin D was negatively related to the body weight and the duration of the disease. Additionally, the findings of the study have demonstrated therapeutic dose of vitamin D has the potential to manage glucose levels.
Biochemistry
Mahboobeh Talebi Mehrdar; Ghazale Ebadi
Abstract
Diabetes Type 2 is the most common type of diabetes, a common disorder of glucose homeostasis and accounts for 90% of cases. The prevalence of diabetes type 2 is increasing. Adenosine deaminase is an enzymatic polymorphism that plays an important role in modulating the biological activity of insulin. ...
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Diabetes Type 2 is the most common type of diabetes, a common disorder of glucose homeostasis and accounts for 90% of cases. The prevalence of diabetes type 2 is increasing. Adenosine deaminase is an enzymatic polymorphism that plays an important role in modulating the biological activity of insulin. It seems that excessive activity of the adenosine A1 receptor has caused adiposity in diabetes type 2. In this study, we examined the correlation of ADA enzyme with diabetes type 2. This investigation was performed on 80 men and women between 40 and 80 years old in District 2 of Tehran with diabetes. Venous blood samples were collected after 12 hours of fasting blood was centrifuged. Then fasting blood glucose and HbA1c, Triglyceride, and total Cholesterol were measured for enzyme activity respectively by COBAS MIRA. Insulin was measured by ELISA and serum ADA enzyme activity was measured by photometry. The results of this study were done by SPSS software. A significant increase in serum ADA levels was observed in diabetic patients compared with the control group. A positive correlation was observed between ADA activity and FBS and HbA1c. The amount of HOMA-IR in diabetics was higher than in the control group, but no positive correlation was observed between serum levels of ADA and HOMA-IR. The enzyme adenosine deaminase can act as an immunological marker and the results of this study show that diabetes is associated with increased T cell activation markers and immune disequilibrium. Serum ADA level has a positive correlation with glycemic control status in patients.
Medical
Farzaneh Fazeli; Masumeh Ahanjan
Abstract
Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disease, is recognized as the most frequent disorder in the endocrine system with hyperglycemia dealing with either insulin resistance or insufficiency or both. This disease is usually associated with numerous acute and chronic complications. Also, the treatment of diabetes ...
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Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disease, is recognized as the most frequent disorder in the endocrine system with hyperglycemia dealing with either insulin resistance or insufficiency or both. This disease is usually associated with numerous acute and chronic complications. Also, the treatment of diabetes complications has imposed a heavy financial burden on most societies. During the last decade, pancreatic islet transplantation has been widely studied as a potential therapy for diabetes. Of course, due to its limitations removing pancreatic cells from the corpse is very difficult. Stem cells are renewable cellular sources that are proposed as a substitute for organ transplantation. These cells which can be found in almost all multicellular organisms are capable of division and transforming into highly specialized cells, they can also replace injured and lost cells. The possibility of using stem cells in diabetes therapy and building insulin-producing islets has long been considered by most scientists and can be a future hope for controlling diabetes. Interestingly, human stem cells derived from hematopoietic organs, liver, pancreas, and embryonic human stem cells are among these factors. In this article, a series of studies carried out on this field is briefly reviewed.
Biochemistry
Umesh Pravin Dhuldhaj; Namrata Malik
Abstract
Soil microbial flora has a pivotal role in the phyto-availability of phosphorus and other necessary minerals and nutrients. The primary class of Rhizobacteria involved in the solubilization of phosphate from non-available forms to available forms is Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB). The application ...
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Soil microbial flora has a pivotal role in the phyto-availability of phosphorus and other necessary minerals and nutrients. The primary class of Rhizobacteria involved in the solubilization of phosphate from non-available forms to available forms is Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB). The application of Phosphate solubilizing bacteria increased phosphorus availability, which is one of the major factors responsible for the increase in the yield of crops. The phosphorus content is higher in the seeds than in the other plant parts; it helps plants in disease resistance and stress management such as winter rigors and improves the quality of fruits, vegetables, and cereal crops. Application of PSB as the biofertilizers positively affects the secretion of siderophores, nitrogen fixation, Indole acetic acid (IAA), 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, chitinase, and protease. PSB can solubilize useful phosphate from rock phosphate and phosphate present in the combined state in lower to higher pH range (4 to 10), lower to a higher temperature (20 to 40 0C), and even in the higher salt ranges (0 to 7.5 % NaCl). Microbes help in the assimilation of phosphates and hydrocarbons by the secretions of different phosphatases such as monoesterase, diesterases, C-P lyase, and phosphatase and phytases. Using chemical P fertilizer in sustainable agricultural methods needs to be reduced. For this purpose, alternative and inexpensive technology are required so that plants can be provided with a sufficient amount of P. Phosphate solubilizing microbes can be an excellent option to replace chemical P fertilizers for improved agricultural production and soil fertility. The fertility of farm fields can be improved by using PSB as the bio-fertilizer and it will enhance the nutritional quality of plants and plant products which are directly or indirectly taken as food. Applying these microbes to soil/seeds makes good quality fruits and can help to fulfill the nutritional hunger of the world.
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