Medical
Fatemeh Shamakhte; Elaha Tajbakhsh; Hassan Momtaz
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains circulating among populations and crossing borders constitute a major problem for health control and require a fast and simple genotypic approach. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, molecular types and drug resistance pattern of ...
Read More
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains circulating among populations and crossing borders constitute a major problem for health control and require a fast and simple genotypic approach. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, molecular types and drug resistance pattern of S. aureus isolated from Hospitalized Patients in teaching Hospitals of Ahvaz. this cross-sectional study was from April to September 2023, MRSA strains were identified by phenotypic and molecular methods. The antibiotics studied were), Cefoxitin (15 μg) Gentamicin (10 μg), Ciprofloxacin (5 μg), Erythromycin (15 μg), Clindamycin (2 μg), linzolide(10μg), azithromycin(5 μg). The tests were performed according to the guidelines of clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). It also detected the mecA gene of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains (MRSA). 470 Staphylococcus aureus samples from patients hospitalized in different departments of Ahvaz Hospitals included 283 blood culture samples, 75 wound samples, 72 body fluid samples and 40 catheter samples, and 321 (68.3%) MRSA isolates were reported. All these 321 MRSA isolates were tested with ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, linezolid, gentamicin, erythromycin, and azithromycin antibiotics. Also, the results of molecular identification of the mec A gene in 321 strains of S. aureus showed that 312 strains carry the mec A gene. The high prevalence of S. aureus samples can be caused by long-term hospitalization of patients in the ward and excessive use of antibiotics to treat the infection and increased resistance in isolates. As a result, more monitoring of the hospital's infection control department, as well as the expansion of the correct use of antibiotics, seems necessary and important.
Medical
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal; Zahra Rajabi; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi; Arezoo Bagheri Sadegi
Abstract
Foodborne diseases are a global problem that is spreading day by day. These diseases are one of the most common causes of death in children and the elderly. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of water and foodborne diseases in Kurdistan province for six months from April to September ...
Read More
Foodborne diseases are a global problem that is spreading day by day. These diseases are one of the most common causes of death in children and the elderly. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of water and foodborne diseases in Kurdistan province for six months from April to September 2022. Stool samples from patients were collected in the laboratory in a special container containing 10% formalin preservative. 134 stool samples from 28 food outbreaks from Kurdistan province were analyzed for the type of infected bacteria. The research results were analyzed in SPSS-19 software. Among the 28 outbreaks in Kurdistan province during the two seasons of spring and summer, the highest number of outbreaks was in the summer season with 20 and then in the spring season with 8 outbreaks. The dominant age group was children under 10 years (%21) old and people between 20-30 years old, and the dominant gender group was men. The most common clinical symptoms were nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhea and non-bloody diarrhea. It is important to know the type of bacteria that cause water and foodborne diseases in reducing outbreaks and treatment costs and applying necessary measures for control and prevention.
Medical
Musa Yakubu Tula; Joel Filgona; Serah Erold Kyauta; Richard Elisha
Abstract
The ability of the bacterial isolate to cause debilitating effects on the host is intricate and is a function of many factors, particularly that of the host and the bacteria. Among the bacterial factors are the virulence mechanisms. As such this research was a cross-sectional study conducted between ...
Read More
The ability of the bacterial isolate to cause debilitating effects on the host is intricate and is a function of many factors, particularly that of the host and the bacteria. Among the bacterial factors are the virulence mechanisms. As such this research was a cross-sectional study conducted between October–December 2021 to establish the existence of virulence determinants on bacterial isolates from hospital fomites and the hands of healthcare workers. To achieve this, 100 samples (including sink, beddings, door handles, benches, and hands of healthcare workers) from children, female and male wards of Mubi General Hospital were analyzed for bacterial growth and were identified by standard procedure. Isolates were subsequently screened for virulent determinants (hemolysis, hemagglutination, biofilm production, and heteroresistance) phenotypically by standard methods. From the 72 bacterial isolates recovered, 23(31.9%) were biofilm-producing organisms. Of these, 15(20.8%) and 8(11.1%) were moderate and high biofilm-producing organisms respectively with no statistical difference (P=0.665). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.9%) was the most predominant biofilm-producing organism. Furthermore, hemolysin production was predominant in Staphylococcus aureus (71.4%), while positive hemagglutination reaction was predominant in P. aeruginosa (38.5%). Sixteen (16) bacterial isolates showed heteroresistance (HR) to various antibiotics; of these, Escherichia coli (43.8%) constitute the majority of the isolates. The expression of such virulence determinants by bacterial isolates in the study area may constitute a health risk to patients and hamper the quality of health care delivery.
Medical
Fatemeh Shamakhteh; Suhaib Khalid Ibrahim; Morteza Saki; Sahar Taha Hatif
Abstract
One of the most significant harmful microorganisms is Staphylococcus aureus. Due to the rise in the resistance of this bacteria to antibiotics and the lengthening of hospitalized patients' treatments, one of the causes of infection and mortality among patients hospitalized in special care units of hospitals. ...
Read More
One of the most significant harmful microorganisms is Staphylococcus aureus. Due to the rise in the resistance of this bacteria to antibiotics and the lengthening of hospitalized patients' treatments, one of the causes of infection and mortality among patients hospitalized in special care units of hospitals. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, samples of 113 S. aureus isolates were taken from patients who had spent 4 months in the special care units of Ahvaz teaching hospitals. These samples were then tested using antibiograms for oxacillin, cefoxitin, linezolid, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin, penicillin, and Antibiotic resistance was discovered, and the findings were evaluated against those of previous investigations. 51 (57.63%) of the 113 patient-isolated samples were female, while 62 (70.1%) were male. The oldest person was 89 years old and the youngest was 4 years old. Linezolid antibiotics were effective against every tested strain, although they were ineffective against 6 tested strains (6.31%), 4 tested strains (3.54%), and 1 tested strain (88%) isolated from wound urine. Vancomycin-resistant bacteria have been found. The findings of this study demonstrate that hospital strains of S. aureus are resistant to many antibiotics. Therefore, it is important to avoid prescribing and using available antibiotics unnecessarily. It is also advised to look at the evolution of antibiotic resistance in hospital infection management in order to stop the development of resistance to these antibiotics.
)
)
)