Medical
Sara Amini; Amir Hossein Omidi; Hamed Afkhami; Hoda Sabati; Amin Mohsenzadeh; Atyieh Soleymani; Mohammad Ali Zonobian; Negin Ghanbarnejad; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common infectious bacterial species and one of the agents of community-acquired infections (CAIs) and hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Aminoglycosides are potent antibactericidal agents often used together with Beta Lactams or Glycopeptides, especially in ...
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Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common infectious bacterial species and one of the agents of community-acquired infections (CAIs) and hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Aminoglycosides are potent antibactericidal agents often used together with Beta Lactams or Glycopeptides, especially in treating Staphylococcal endocarditis. The present research aimed to determine the frequency of the aac (6 ́)-le-aph (2 ́ ́) gene that encodes Aminoglycoside modifying enzymes using PCR on clinical isolates of S. aureus. 115 clinical isolates of S. aureus were collected at educational hospitals in Karaj during 12 months. They were first identified by using standard biochemical and laboratory methods and, following CLSI principles and procedures, antibiotic sensitivity patterns of all isolates were obtained using the disc diffusion method. Moreover, using agar dilution, the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using the antibiotic powder Gentamycin. Finally, gene frequency was measured by employing PCR. The highest levels of resistance to Aminoglycosides were observed in Kanamycin (47.8%), Gentamycin (46.9%), and Tobramycin (46.9%), and Doxycycline and Ciprofloxacin with 50.4 and 49.5 percent respectively, were the non-Aminoglycoside antibiotics to which the highest levels of resistance were exhibited. The frequency of the aac (6 ́)-le-aph (2 ́ ́) gene was 39.1 percent. Rapid and timely detection of resistant strains seems to be necessary in selecting suitable treatment options and in preventing the spread of resistance. Furthermore, rapid identification of genes that encode AME enzymes using PCR enjoys special advantages such as high levels of precision and speed.
Medical
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi; Amir Hossein Omidi; Hoda Sabati
Abstract
SARS-CoV- 2 is the causative agent of the global pandemic, also known as Covid-19. This virus belongs to a group of coronaviruses and has affected more than ten million people across the globe, causing nearly half a million deaths worldwide. The pandemic has spread worldwide, originating in the Wuhan ...
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SARS-CoV- 2 is the causative agent of the global pandemic, also known as Covid-19. This virus belongs to a group of coronaviruses and has affected more than ten million people across the globe, causing nearly half a million deaths worldwide. The pandemic has spread worldwide, originating in the Wuhan Hubei province of China in 2019. The disease is a significant challenge as there is no antiviral treatment. This review will address current trends and emerging new methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in the laboratoryat present. Reverse transcriptase PCR or RT-PCR is the gold standard for detecting SARS-CoV-2 disease. The seroprevalence of Covid-19 is performed using antibody detection tests using ELISA and antigen detection as rapid tests. In clinical practice, preliminary disease identification is made based on Chest radiographs, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography (PET) scans. As the pandemic has progressed, newer methods of detection like CRISPR, nanotechnology-enabled solutions, and biosensors have emerged as new methods of detecting SARS-CoV-2.
Medical
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi; Hoda Sabati
Abstract
NCP (new coronavirus pneumonia) was discovered in Wuhan towards the end of 2019 and quickly spread throughout the city. The infection was identified as a novel coronavirus, and the World Health Organization (WHO) called it coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Most people with this infection can experience ...
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NCP (new coronavirus pneumonia) was discovered in Wuhan towards the end of 2019 and quickly spread throughout the city. The infection was identified as a novel coronavirus, and the World Health Organization (WHO) called it coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Most people with this infection can experience mild to severe and even fatal symptoms after a period of disease incubation of 4 to 14 days. In up to 10% of patients, gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and diarrhea, as well as associated abdominal discomfort, may occur before respiratory symptoms. Several SARS-CoV-2 variations have been identified during the epidemic, however, only a handful are deemed variants of concern (VOCs) by the WHO due to their worldwide public health effect. In this article, we looked at new mutations in COVID-19 as well as the adverse effects of the virus on the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal tract. The discovery of these novel SARS-CoV-2 variations threatens to undo the substantial success made so far in restricting the spread of this viral disease, despite the extraordinary speed with which vaccines against COVID-19 have been developed and vigorous worldwide mass immunization efforts. Through mechanisms involving the dysregulated ACE 2 receptor and TMPRSS2, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has the potential to induce significant systemic disease in the GI tract, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. Due to the observation of new and daily mutations of this dangerous virus, the definitive treatment of this disease is becoming more and more difficult and facing major challenges that it requires many clinical trials and researches.
Medical
Amir Hossein Omidi; Hoda Sabati; Sara Amini; Mohammad Ali Zonobian; Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is gram-positive cocci, which is consistently one of the four causes of hospital infections. S. aureus is a member of the normal nasal and intestinal flora in 30-50% of the population. But this organism is carried in almost 90% of the clinical staff of hospitals. S. aureus is an ...
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Staphylococcus aureus is gram-positive cocci, which is consistently one of the four causes of hospital infections. S. aureus is a member of the normal nasal and intestinal flora in 30-50% of the population. But this organism is carried in almost 90% of the clinical staff of hospitals. S. aureus is an important cause of a wide variety of infectious diseases in humans. This bacterium often causes infections such as endocarditis, bacteremia, and pneumonia. S. aureus species are typically resistant to a large number of drugs. These bacteria are able to sustain and grow properly in the hospital environment and are easily transmitted to people who have weak immune systems. So far, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has been limited to hospitals, but with the increase in skin and soft tissue infections and necrotizing pneumonia in younger patients, methicillin-resistant staphylococci in the community (CA-MRSA) has spread throughout the world.
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